Cardiology Flashcards
Heart sounds for ASD
- Systolic murmur upper left sternal border
- Fixed split second heart sounds - doesn’t vary with respiration
Heart sounds for VSD
- Pansystolic murmuc
- Lower left sternal border
Pathophysiology of Eisenmenger’s
- ASD or VSD - untreated
-> left to right shunt increases pressure on the right side
-> permanent changes to pulmonary vasculature - hypertension
-> increased pressure on right > left
–> right to left shunt
Symptoms of heart failure in infants
- Difficulty feeding and growing
- Tachypnoea on feeding
- Hepatomegaly (sometimes spleen)
- Recurrent respiratory infections
PDA murmur
- Continuous, machinery murmur
- Left infraclavicular area
Pulmonary stenosis murmur
Ejection systolic
Loudest upper left sternal edge
Radiates to back
Systolic murmur, upper left sternal border, second heart sounds doesn’t vary with respiration
ASD
Panystolic murmur, left lower sternal border
VSD
Ejection systolic murmur
Loudester upper left sternal edge
Radiates to back
Pulmonary stenosis
Management of PDA
High calorie feeds + diuretics
Medication closure in preterm infants
Surgical closure if unmanaged heart failure (transcatheter vs. ligation)
Presentation of TGA (murmur)
Normally antenatally
Profound cyanosis not responsive to oxygen
Respiratory distress, CV collapse
Single S2, no murmur
Management of TGA
Switch operation
Wolff Parkinsons White presentation
Tachyarrhythmia
Pain/syncope/palpitations children
Sweating, pale, poor feed infants
WPW ECG
- Short PR
- Broad QRS
- Slurred upstroke
- ST abnormalities due to abnormal conduction through ventricles
Tetralogy of Fallot
1) VSD
2) Overriding aorta
3) Pulmonary stenosis
4) Right ventricular hypertrophy
