Cardiology Flashcards
Signs of signficant mitral regurgitation
Evidence of pulmonary hypertension: raised JVP , S3 Gallop , Loud P2, Right ventricular heave , Displaced thrusting Apex
Symptoms of mitral regurgitation
Symptoms of fluid overload, dyspnoead
Indications for mitral valve replacement
Symptomatic
Asymptomatic : with declining ejection fraction
LV dilatation on ECHO
Causes of mitral regurgitation
Age releated
Mitral valve prolapse
concomitant connective tissue disease: Ehlers Danlos
Papillae rupture : MI
Infective endocarditis
Bedside tests of Mitral regurg
Urine Dip : Haematuria ( IE)
ECG: p mitrale , AF
Fundoscopy : roth spots
What is a third heart sounds
Brief, low-frequency vibration that occurs in the early diastole phase of the heart’s cycle. It’s caused by the rapid deceleration of blood against a stiff ventricle as the heart fills with blood
Signs of Marfans
high arch palate
arachnodactyl
hypermobile joints
Why would a Patient with marfans syndrome have an abdominal scar
Aortic dissection is a known complication of marfan’s syndrome and may be evidence of a aortic repair
What’s the inheritance of marfan’s
Autosomal dominant , Fibrillin gene affecting collagen production
What are the cardiac complications of marfans
Aortic root dilatation , Aortic dissection , Aortic valve regurgitation , mitral valve prolapse
indications of a aortic root replacement
dilatation of >50mm at the aortic root , or >45 mm in a patient who has a FHx of aortic dissection or if the aortic root is expanding by more than >3mm / year
Causes of breathlessness in Marfan’s
Murmur, IE, LVSD, Aortic regurgitation , Mitral regurgitation.
In a Aortic metallic valve how could you tell that it was becoming incompetence
loss of crispness in the second HS, absence of silence in diastole.
