Cardiology Flashcards
What is Brugada syndrome?
Sudden cardiac death in often a health person.
-Mutation in Na cardiac channels affects heart ability to conduct an action potential which can lead to vib fib
What does brugada look like on an ECG?
Shark Fin in leads V1-V3
-Downsloping ST-segment elevation.
How is Brugada syndrome managed?
Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator Placement
What does it means to have a long QTc?
The QT interval shows the depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles. A long QTc indicates an abnormally long repolarization cycle of the ventricles.
What is the normal range for QTC?
Males: </=440ms
Females </=460 ms
What QTC mesaurement increases the risk of developing torsade de pointes?
a QTC > 500 ms
What are some causes of prolonged QT interval?
-Hypokalemia
-Hypomagnesemia
-Hypocalcemia
-Drugs
Define shock
Decreased blood supply to the body that results in an imbalance between oxygen supply and tissue demand
What is hypovolemic shock?
Decreased intravascular fluid or decreased blood volume causes
-decreased preload
-decreased stroke volume
-decreased cardiac output
What is distributive shock?
Decreased volume due to systemic vasodilatation
-compensatory response to decrease systemic vascular resistance = tachycardia
What is cardiogenic shock?
left ventricle fails to pump oxygenated blood to peripheral tissues.
-MI is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock.
What lab can provide insight to tissue oxygenation compensatory mechanisms fail in shock?
Lactate levels, elevated in a marker for impaired oxygen delivery/oxygen use
What is the normal level of lactate levels?
<2.0mmol/L
Lactic acidosis is a sign of what form of metabolism?
Anaerobic metabolism
Shock is associated with what SBP?
A SBP <90mm hg, may appear normal if peripheral vascular resistance is increased. BP is an insensitive dx sign of shock.
