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MRCP part 1 > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

JVP A wave

A

Atrial contraction

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2
Q

JVP C wave

A

invisible flicker in x descent due to closure of tricuspid valve

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3
Q

JVP X descent

A

atrial stretch and drop in pressure due to downward movement of heart

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4
Q

JVP V wave

A

passive filling of blood into right atrium against closed tricuspid valve

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5
Q

JVP y descent

A

opening of tricuspid valve abd passive movement of blood from right atrium to right ventricle.

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6
Q

Absent A waves

A

atrial fibrrilation (no coordinataed contractions)

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7
Q

Large A waves

A

tricuspid stenosis
right heart failure
pulmonary hypertension

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8
Q

Cannon A waves

A

AV dissociation
- Atrial flutter and atrial tachycardias
- 3rd degree heart block
- VT, V ectopics

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9
Q

Giant v waves

A

tricuspid regurgitation

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10
Q

Steep x descent

A

Tricuspid stenosis
Tamponade (cardiac restriction)

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11
Q

Steep y descent

A

cardiac contriction

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12
Q

Slow y descent

A

Tricuspid stenosis

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13
Q

Early diastolic murmur

A

Aortic regurg

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14
Q

Aortic regurg

A

dyspnoea, orthopnoea etc
wide pulse pressure
nail bed pulsation (Quincke)
history of rheumatic fever

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15
Q

Machine like murmur

A

PDA

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16
Q

Ejection systolic murmur

A

AS
PS
ASD
Tetralogy
HOCM

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17
Q

Late systolic murmur

A

MV prolapse
Coarctation

18
Q

Pansystolic murmur

A

MR
TR
VSD

19
Q

Thiazide diuretic mechanism

A

inhibit sodium-chloride symporter in distal distal part of distal convoluted tubule -> high sodium load to distal part of distal tubule -> physiological secretion of potassium
THIAZIDE -> LOW POTASSIUM

20
Q

Risk of asystole in bradycardia

A

complete HB with borad QRS
recent asystole
Mobitz II
V-pause >3s

21
Q

When to pace in HF?

A

All of:
NYHA III- IV
LV EF >35% with dilated ventricle on optimal medical therapy
QRS >130ms

22
Q

Beck triad of tamponade

A

Hypotension
muffled heart sound
distended neck veins

23
Q

S3

A

Audible in children and young adults
Pathological in MR, VSD, CCF, pericarditis - anything that results in rapid LV filling

24
Q

HOCM poor prognostic features

A

young at diagnosis
family history of sudden death
syncopal symptoms
VT on Holter
abnormal BP changes on exertion

25
Q

Pericarditis ECG changes

A

Saddle ST elevation
PR depression

26
Q

Bisferiens pulse

A

mixed aortic valve disease

27
Q

Collpasing pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

28
Q

Slow rising

A

Aortic stenosis

29
Q

Jerky pulse

A

HOCM

30
Q

Alternanas pulse

A

Severe LVSD
- ejection fraction reduced meaning end diastolic volume elevated - > stretch of myocytes meaning ejection fraction of next beat is improved -> alternating strong and weak pulses

31
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

excessive reduciton in pulse with inspiration (left ventricular compression, tamponade, severe asthma as venous return in compromised

32
Q

LONG QT syndrome channels?

A

Long QT usually due to loss of function or blockage of potassium channels

33
Q

RILE (murmurs)

A
  • Right sided murmur heard best on inspiration
  • Left sided murmur heard best on expiration
34
Q

PR prolongation

A

IHD
DIg toxicity
Hypokalaemia
Aortic root abscess
Lyme
Sarcoid
idiopathic

35
Q

AF in WPW

A

Avoid AV node blockers (may degenerate in to VF as accessory pthway preferred) i.e. bblockers, digoxin, verapamil

36
Q

HOCM and ACEI?

A

Avoid
(anything that reduce preload/afterload such as nitrate, ACEI, nifedipine-type calcium antagonists

37
Q

loop diuretic mechanism

A

inhibit Na-K-Cl cotransporter in thick ascending limb of loop of henle
reducing absorption of NaCl

38
Q

Ostium primum ASD

A

RBBB with LAD

39
Q

Ostium secundum ASD

A

RBBB with RAD

40
Q

most sensitive ecg finding in pericarditis

A

PR depression

41
Q
A

MRCP part 1 (15 decks)

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