Cardiology

Question 1

What does QRS length signify in complete heart block?

Answer 1

Narrow QRS = originates in His bundle

Broad QRS = originates below His bundle

Question 2

What should be used preferably in AF when rate-control required during exercise?

Answer 2

CCB

Question 3

What should be avoided in AF when aiming for rate-control in a patient with HF

Answer 3

CCB

Question 4

What is the most common source of emboli in AF?

Answer 4

Left atrial emboli

Question 5

How should patients with AF that do not tolerate anticoagulation, or for whom it is indicated be managed?

Answer 5

Consider referral for left atrial appendage occlusion

Question 6

In which patients are DOAC for AF contraindicated?

Answer 6

1. Mechanical heart valves

2. Moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis

Question 7

When using warfarin in AF, what is the target time in therapeutic range?

Answer 7

> 65%

Question 8

Outline acceptable renal function reduction in use of ACE-inhibitors

Answer 8

<50% creatinine rise from baseline or Cr <266

eGFR reduction <25

Question 9

ACE-i Contraindications

Answer 9

PARKI

Pregnancy and breastfeeding
moderate to severe Aortic stenosis
Renovascular disease
K+ >5
hereditary Idiopathic angioedema