Cardiology

Question 1

What is Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis is a common condition that develops when a sticky substance called plaque builds up inside your arteries.

Question 2

What are the symptoms of Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

• chest pain or angina.
• pain in your leg, arm, and anywhere else that has a blocked artery.
• cramping in the buttocks while walking.
• shortness of breath.
• fatigue.
• confusion, which occurs if the blockage affects circulation to your brain

Question 3

What is Stroke Volume (SV)?

Answer 3

Amount of blood pumped out per heartbeat

Question 4

What is Cardiac Output (CO)?

Answer 4

Stroke volume x Heart rate -measured in liters per minute

Question 5

What is preload?

Answer 5

Preload – (volume) amount of ventricular stretch at the end of diastole. The greater the stretch the stronger the contraction

Question 6

What is afterload?

Answer 6

Afterload –(pressure) resistance to the ejection of blood from the ventricle

Question 7

What is heart failure?

Answer 7

• HF is the heart’s inability to consistently pump enough blood to organs & tissues
• Cardiac output is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of the body and accommodate venous return
• Occurs from either a structural or functional abnormality of the heart
• The resulting decreased blood supply to body impairs organs & tissue function
• Can be acute or chronic

Question 8

Signs and symptoms of heart failure?

Answer 8

Dizziness, regular or irregular heart rate, tiredness, swelling in the legs, ankle feet, or belly area.

Question 9

What is ejection Fraction?

Answer 9

Ejection fraction is the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat