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Buzzword > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Decreased femoral pulses in infant

A

Coarctation of Aorta

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2
Q

Kussmaul’s Sign (Also define)

A

Increased JVP during inspiration- Constrictive Pericarditis

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3
Q

Pain changing w/ position or respiration?

A

Pericarditis

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4
Q

Chest discomfort

A

Angina

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5
Q

Tearing pain radiating to back

A

Aortic Dissection

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6
Q

Chest pain last for several hours

A

MI

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7
Q

Severity of dyspnea based on the amount of activity that precipitates it

A

Heart Failure

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8
Q

Severity of dyspnea based on how many pillows they sleep on at night

A

orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

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9
Q

Pulsus Paradoxus (Also define)

A

> 10 mmhg drop in SBP with inspiration- cardiac tamponade

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10
Q

Localized crackles

A

PNA and Consolidation

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11
Q

Chest pain aggravated by coughing and relieved by sitting

A

Pericarditis

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12
Q

Pain in calf w/ ambulation?

A

DVT

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13
Q

Dull aching heaviness in legs upon periods of standing

A

Varicosities

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14
Q

Brownish pigmentation above the ankle

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

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15
Q

Wide pulse pressure

A

Aortic insufficiency or hyperthyroidism

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16
Q

Narrow pulse pressure

A

Cardiac tamponade

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17
Q

Distended neck veins and clammy skin

A

Pericardial tamponade

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18
Q

ST elevation in V5 and V6

A

Left lateral ventricular wall

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19
Q

ST elevations in leads 2, 3, and avF

A

Inferior wall

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20
Q

Inferior wall is supplied by

A

Right coronary artery

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21
Q

ST elevations in leads V1-V3

A

Interventricular septum

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22
Q

Interventricular septum supplied by

A

left anterior descending coronary artery

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23
Q

Lateral wall of left ventricle supplied by

A

left circumflex coronary artery

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24
Q

Diagnosis of mural thrombi in a fib patient

A

Transesophageal ECHO

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25
Q

hx of DM w/ pain radiating from the right buttock to the calf that is worse with walking and climbing stairs.

A

vascular occlusive disease

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26
Q

Vascular occlusive disease diagnosed w/

A

arterial duplex scanning

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27
Q

Non invasive test to detect coronary artery disease

A

Stress testing and cardiac nuclear scanning

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28
Q

Non invasive test for continuous monitoring of electrical activity of the heart

A

holter monitoring

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29
Q

Invasive procedure to assesses coronary artery disease

A

cardiac catheterization

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30
Q

What test is used is used to monitor effects of Coumadin

A

PT-INR

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31
Q

what test is used to monitor heparin effectiveness

A

PTT

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32
Q

what test is used to assess platelet dysfunction

A

Platelet aggregation

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33
Q

Test to assess platelet function?

A

Bleeding time

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34
Q

Edema, hepatic congestion, ascites, cough, fatigue

A

Right ventricular failure

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35
Q

Loss of popliteal and dorsals pedis

A

Arterial thrombosis

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36
Q

diastolic reading greater than 140 w/ target organ damage

A

malignant HTN

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37
Q

CP does not resolve

38
Q

Pain at rest

A

Prinzmetal

39
Q

CP relieved w/ rest and usually resolves within 10 mins

A

Stable angine

40
Q

CP precipitated by less effort than before or occurs at rest

A

Unstable angina

41
Q

Dyspnea w/ CP

42
Q

Diastolic murmur w/ variations in BP between right and left arm

A

Aortic dissection

43
Q

short PR interval, widened QRS and delta waves

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

44
Q

Retrograde P wave

45
Q

Irregularly, irregular rhythm with no definable P waves

A

Atrial fibrillation

46
Q

Irregularly irregular rhythm w/ varying PR interval and various P wave morphologies

A

multifocal atrial tachycardia

47
Q

Ventricular rate 40-60 min bc of depressed sinus node function

A

Artioventricular junctional rhythm

48
Q

Wide QRS at rate less than 50 min and blocked atrial pulses

A

third degree heart block

49
Q

Which medication decreases left ventricular hypertrophy and remodeling to allow greater EF after MI?

A

ACE Inhibitor (-pril)

50
Q

Which pts should get prophylactic antibiotics prior to dental cleaning?

A
  • prosthetic heart valve
  • valve repair with prosthetic material
  • unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart dz including palliative shunts
  • hx of IE
51
Q

Prophylactic abx for dental procedure w/ hx of IE

A

Amoxicillin 60 mins prior to procedure

52
Q

Women over 35 smoking and on oral contraceptives at risk for?

A

Venous thrombosis

53
Q

Pressure overload on incompetent veins

A

Varicose veins

54
Q

Smoking at risk for?

A

atheroscelerosis

55
Q

decreased rate and loss of P waves on EKG

A

Sick sinus syndrome

56
Q

complication within 72 hrs of infarction w/ no ECG changes just hemodynamically unstable mainly in Q wave transmural and lateral wall infarctions

A

Free wall ruptures

57
Q

Elevated BNP means?

A

Increased pressure in left ventricle during diastole and lv being stretched when pt has chf

58
Q

management for acute STEMI

A

coronary artery revascularization

59
Q

Decreases morbidity and mortality from acute MI

60
Q

pain control for MI

61
Q

overdrive pacer

62
Q

DC cardiovert

A

unstable ventricular tachycardia

63
Q

Adenosine

64
Q

antiarrhythmic associated with hyper or hypothyroidism following long term use

A

amiodarone

65
Q

hypertensive emergency drug with potential for cyanide toxicity

A

sodium nitroprusside

66
Q

contraindication in beta blockade following acute MI

A

2nd and 3rd degree AV block

67
Q

pt on statin starts clarithromycin, what could happen?

A

prolonged QT interval, myopathy, rhabdo

68
Q

primarily blocks beta 1 receptors

A

Metoprolol

69
Q

Non selectoive beta blockers

A

Propanolol and timolol

70
Q

partial agonist activity

71
Q

Na+ channel blockers

72
Q

K+ channel blockers

A

Class 3 anti-arrhythmic

73
Q

beta adrenoreceptor blocker

A

class 2 anti-arrhythmic

74
Q

Ca++ channel blockers

A

Class 4 anti-arrhythmics

75
Q

rapid ventricular filling during early diastole

76
Q

atrial contraction against a noncompliant ventricle

77
Q

vibration of a partially closed mitral valve during mid to late diastole

A

Austin-flint murmur of aortic regurgitation

78
Q

closure of mitral valve leaflets during systole

A

s1 heart sounds

79
Q

mechanism responsible for retinal hemmorhaes and neurological complications in IE

A

systemic arterial embolization of vegetations

80
Q

mechanism for n/v, weakness, and sinus brady in inferior wall MI

A

increased vagal tone

81
Q

mcc of secondary htn

A

renal parenchymal dz

82
Q

first line for prinzmetal angina

83
Q

avoid what in prinzmetal angina

A

beta blockers

84
Q

first line htn med in diabetics

A

Ace inhibitors (Lisinopril)

85
Q

when to add beta blocker/diuretic for htn regimen in diabetic

A

when ace inhibitor is ineffective on its own

86
Q

cardiac end organ damage due to HTN EKG finding

A

LV hypertrophy

87
Q

delay in RV caused by RV hypertrophy or conditions with higher pulmonic resistance such as for pulmonale

88
Q

fixed split S2

A

atrial septal defect

89
Q

increased pulse pressure

A

aortic regurgitation

90
Q

continuous mechanical murmurs

A

patent ductus arteriosus

91
Q

difference in bp between left and right arms

A

coarctation of aorta

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