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LifeSpan1 > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the left atrioventricular valve

A

Mitral valve, or bicuspid

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2
Q

Name the right atrioventricular valve

A

Tricuspid valve

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3
Q

Is the mitral valve bicuspid or tricuspid?

A

Bicuspid

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4
Q

Blood returning to the right atrium from the periphery has about __ O2 saturation

A

70%

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5
Q

The semilunar valves are both (bicuspid or tricuspid)

A

tricuspid

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6
Q

The __ valve connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary valve

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7
Q

The __ valve connects the left ventricle to the ascending aorta

A

aortic valve

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8
Q

Valves prevent __

A

backflow/regurgitation

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9
Q

The __ artery is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood

A

pulmonary artery

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10
Q

The __ veins are the only veins carrying oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary veins

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11
Q

The __ vena cava delivers deoxygenated blood from the legs, abdominal organs, and lower body to the right atrium

A

inferior vena cava

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12
Q

Common cardiac symptoms of Down Syndrome include __ and __

A

AV canal defect and VSD

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13
Q

The primary cardiac symptom of Duchenne’s Muscular dystrophy is __

A

cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

The primary cardiac symptoms of Marfan syndrome are __ and ___

A

Aortic aneurism or aortic and/or mitral valve regurgitation

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15
Q

(term) the amount of blood discharged from the L or R ventricle per minute

A

Cardiac Output - CO

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16
Q

(term) the amount of blood ejected by the Left Ventricle with each heart beat

A

Stroke volume - SV

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17
Q

The formula for Cardiac Output

A

CO = SV X HR

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18
Q

The most accurate way to measure cardiac output in children

A

Fick calculation

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19
Q

HLHS (abbrev)

A

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

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20
Q

TGA (abbrev)

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

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21
Q

ASO (surgical abbrev)

A

Arterial Switch Operation

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22
Q

Peripheral edema in babies and toddlers may present in these areas:

A

eyes, hands, feet, fontanels

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23
Q

If CHF is caused by poor contractility, it may be treated with this class of medications

A

positive inotropes (Digoxin/lanoxin, dopamine drugs)

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24
Q

If CHF is caused by increased preload, it may be treated with this class of medications

A

diuretics (Lasix/furosemide, HCTZ)

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25
Q

If CHF is caused by increased afterload, it may be treated with this class of medications

A

vasodilators (enalapril/vasotec, captopril/Capoten)

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26
Q

Fluid restriction is (rarely/often) recommended in Peds

A

rarely

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27
Q

Congenital Heart Defects occur in __% of all pregnancies and 1 in ___ live births

A

1% of all pregnancies, 1 in 170 live births

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28
Q

chronic hypoxia results in __ fingers

A

clubbed

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29
Q

chronic hypoxia may result in clubbed fingers and ___

A

polycythemia

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30
Q

polycythemia is increased production of ___

A

RBCs - red blood cells

31
Q

Polycythemia results in __ blood, increasing risk of thrombus

A

thick

32
Q

Hgb (abbrev)

A

Hemoglobin

33
Q

Hg > 15 g/dL

A

polycythemia

34
Q

Children with __ may present with poor growth, ShOB, and exercise intolerance

A

CHF

35
Q

Babies/toddlers with ___ may present with poor feeding, poor growth, irritability, ShOB, or excessive sweating

A

CHF

36
Q

Advanced stages of __ in infants/children may result in peripheral edema or an enlarged liver

A

CHF

37
Q

(disease) cardiac muscle becomes dilates, hypertrophied, stiff, or inflamed

A

cardiomyopathy - CM

38
Q

The 3 types of cardiomyopathy are:

A

dilated, hypertrophic, or restrictive

39
Q

The most common form of cardiomyopathy is

A

dilated - DCM

40
Q

The least common form of cardiomyopathy is

A

restrictive - RCM

41
Q

This type of CM is defined by having enlargement of all 4 cardiac chambers

A

DCM

42
Q

DCM is caused by __

A

toxins - chemotherapy, nutritional disorders, microbes, bacteria, viruses, immunological defects

43
Q

This form of cardiomyopathy is usually familial

A

HCM

44
Q

This form of cardiomyopathy results in a hyperdynamic pump but poor ventricular filling

A

HCM

45
Q

In this form of CM, ventricular walls refuse to relax but are normal in size; atria may be enlarged

A

RCM

46
Q

This form of cardiomyopathy is not treated with diuretics and inotropic meds

A

HCM

47
Q

Carvedilol’s med class

A

Beta blocker

48
Q

Carvedilol will __ HR and BP but __ stroke volume (SV)

A

decrease, increase

49
Q

Carvedilol will (improve, reduce) renal blood flow

A

improve

50
Q

Often, individuals who suffer rheumatic fever as children require __ replacement in life

A

valve replacement

51
Q

Valve replacement lasts __ to __ years

A

5-10 years

52
Q

(abbrev) ASD

A

Atrial Septal Defect

53
Q

(abbrev) VSD

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

54
Q

(abbrev) PDA

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

55
Q

(abbrev) PS

A

Pulmonic stenosis

56
Q

(abbrev) AVC

A

Atrioventricular canal defect

57
Q

(abbrev) CoA

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

58
Q

(abbrev) AS or AVS

A

Aortic Stenosis or Aortic Valve Stenosis

59
Q

(abbrev) TOF

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

60
Q

HTN is (common/uncommon) in children

A

uncommon

61
Q

Peds HTN has highest prevalence in (race)

A

African Americans

62
Q

HTN in peds may indicate

A

kidney disease, CoA, LVH, early onset familial HTN

63
Q

Child post-stent must be monitored for increasing ___ ____

A

pulse pressure

64
Q

Aldosterone promotes __ and __ retention

A

water and sodium

65
Q

the catecholamines

A

epi and norepi

66
Q

Cardiac Output X Systemic Vascular Resistance = ___

A

MAP Mean Arterial Pressure

67
Q

Increased Na+ retention leads to release of __ by pituitary gland

A

ADH

68
Q

ADH promotes __ retention and __ BP

A

water retention and increased BP

69
Q

The 3 stages of shock are

A

compensatory, progressive, irreversible

70
Q

normal pulse pressure

A

30-40 mmHg

71
Q

Intropin (drug name)

A

Dopamine

72
Q

Dobutrex (drug name)

A

Dobutamine

73
Q

ecchymoses

A

bruises

LifeSpan1 (1 decks)

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