Cardiology Flashcards
1
Q
HOCM Clinical signs
A
- Pulse: Jerky
- Double carotid impulsations
- Prominent a waves
- Apex: Undisplaced, double impulse, pressure loaded
- Systolic thrill
- S2- Reverse split
- S4
- ESM at LLSE- Louder with Valsalva, Softer with isometric hand grip
2
Q
HOCM Complications
A
Biventricular failure Arrhythmia; AF, VT SCD Angina Endocarditis
3
Q
HOCM Poor prognosis
A
1. Clinical History of syncope Family history of SCD 2. Investigations Holter evidence of Ventricular arrhythmias BP drop with exercise 3. Echo Asymmetrical septal wall thickening >30mm Systolic anterior motion
4
Q
HOCM Investigations
A
ECG: LVH, LAD, Q waves anterolaterally, ST changes CXR: Cardiomegaly ECHO: LVH, septal hypertrophy, LVOT Exercise testing/Holter monitor Angiogram- right and left
5
Q
HOCM treatment
A
Non-pharmacological
Pharmacological if symptomatic: BB
Alcohol septal ablation
6
Q
Eisenmenger’s syndrome
A
Pulmonary hypertension with shunt reversal
7
Q
Eisenmenger Complications
A
Haemoptysis RVF Paradoxical emboli IE SCD Polycythemia Thrombosis Bleeding
8
Q
Tetralogy of fallot
A
VSD
RVOT
RVH
Overriding aorta
9
Q
Fallot’s Tetralogy Complications
A
Cyanosis IE RHF Polycythaemia Thrombosis Paradoxical emboli
10
Q
Fallot’s Tetralogy Investigations
A
ECG: RVH, RAD
CXR: Boot shaped heart
ECHO: AR, Pul Htn
11
Q
Fallot’s Tetralogy signs
A
Central cyanosis Clubbing Diminished Left radial pulse BP lower in Left arm Absent a waves Thoracotomy scar Normal apex beat/Volume loaded Parasternal heave Palpable A2 Murmur: ESM (RVOT), AR (prolapse of coronary cusp
12
Q
PDA clinical signs
A
Clubbing of toes Pulse: large volume, collapsing Wide pulse pressure Parasternal heave Left subclavicular thrill Apex displaced, thrusting Continuous machine murmur
13
Q
Cause Collapsing pulse
A
AR PDA Fever Thyrotoxicosis Anaemia Pregnancy AVF Severe bradycardia
14
Q
Continuous murmurs
A
PDA
Mixed mitral and aortic disease
VSD
AVF
15
Q
PDA complications
A
IE
LVF
Pulmonary hypertension
Eisenmenger’s syndrome
