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BMS242 DEVELOPMENT > cardiogenesis > Flashcards

cardiogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

where are Cardiac precursor cells found and what do they form

A

BILATERAL POPULATIONS of cells around the midline. they then migrate to the midline and fuse to form the HEART TUBE

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2
Q

what is heart looping

A

Heart tube undergoes an asymmetric bending morphogenesis

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3
Q

what is the origin of heart cells

A

constructed from two populations of cardiac cells which are specified early during development, and exhibit distinct spatiotemporal differentiation into the heart: FIRST HEART FIELD (FHF) –
SECOND HEART FIELD (SHF)

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4
Q

what does the first heart feild specify into

A

left ventricle, left and right atria

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5
Q

what does the second heart field specify into

A

right ventricle, left and right atria, outflow tract

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6
Q

in mice what are cardiac cells specified from

A

Cardiac cells are specified from mesodermal tissue along the primitive streak

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7
Q

in fish what are cardiac cells specified from

A

embryonic margin– controlled by combinatorial morphogen signalling

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8
Q

what does notch inhibit

A

Notch inhibits Tbx20 in the Chambers

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9
Q

what does Bmp activate

A

Bmp activates Tbx2 in Atrioventricular canal

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10
Q

what do Tbx2 -/- mice have

A

Tbx2 -/- mice have abnormal valve morphology and Nppa expression

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11
Q

what do Tbx20 -/- mice exhibit

A

Tbx20 -/- mice exhibit a loss of chamber identity, and an expansion of valve markers (Tbx2) Singh et al, Development

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12
Q

what key steps occur in Heart looping morphogenesis

A
  • Changes in cell shape
  • Growth of the heart tube
  • Asymmetric cell movements at the poles of the heart
  • Regional changes in ECM composition
  • Lateralised cell signaling from the embryo
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13
Q

what helps promote looping morphogenesis

A

•Growth of the heart through SHF addition helps promote looping morphogenesis

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14
Q

where is Islet1 expressed

A

it is expressed in the mesoderm adjacent to the heart

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15
Q

Islet-1 mutant mice shows:

A

the heart is reduced in size and is incompletely looped

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16
Q

what is heterotaxia

A

L/R asymmetry abnormalities) often have congenital heart defects

17
Q

where is nodal expressed

A

Nodal is asymmetrically expressed in the left lateral plate mesoderm of embryos prior to organ formation

18
Q

what does loss of Nodal function results in

A

disrupted organ asymmetry

19
Q

in zebrafish what is spaw?

A

In zebrafish, spaw is a Nodal homolog

20
Q

what causes a higher concentration of calcium on the left side of the embryo

A
  • A transient cup-shaped organ which forms during early somitogenesis at the posterior of the embryo
  • Lined with motile cilia, which beat in a clockwise movement
  • Creates a directional fluid flow
21
Q

where are nodal target genes expressed

A

in the left half of the cardiac disc

BMS242 DEVELOPMENT (2 decks)

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