Cardio System Flashcards
What does the cardiovascular system transport throughout the body?
Oxygen to cells
Nutrients to cells
Hormones to cells
Waste products from cells
Heat around the body
How much blood is in an adult male?
6 litres
How much blood is in an adult female?
5 litres
How much blood is in an 8 year old?
2 litres
How much blood is in an average full term baby?
300mls
How much blood is in an average 30 week pre term baby?
100mls
Describes the structure of the heart?
4 hollow chambers
2 on the right and 2 on the left
2 pumps separated by the septum
The right side of the heart deals with deoxygenated blood
The left side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood
What are the 3 layers that the walls of the heart are made from?
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Describe pulmonary circulation.
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary arteries. These arteries carry the blood to the lungs where it passes through a capillary network close to air filled alveoli. This enables the release of carbon dioxide and the uptake of oxygen from the air. The now oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium in the pulmonary veins.
Describe Systemic circulation.
Oxygenated blood that flows into the left atrium, then flows into the left ventricle. the left ventricle then pumps the blood through the aorta, the major artery which supplies blood to the body.
Describe arteries
Their major role is to carry away from the heart delivering oxygen rich blood to capillaries. 3 layers: outer, middle muscular and inner smooth epithelial. they expand and contract.
Describe veins
Their main role is to carry blood to the heart, carrying oxygen depleted blood and carbon dioxide from the capillaries. 3 layers: outer, middle muscular and inner smooth epithelial. They expand and contract
Describe the capillaries
Their main role is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, involved in the release of heat. They are thin and fragile, one epithelial cell in depth
What way do the arteries flow blood?
Away from the heart
Describe the arterioles
Oxygen rich
Carbon dioxide poor
Describe the venules
Oxygen poor
Carbon dioxides rich
What way do the veins flow blood?
To the heart
Describe blood pressure
The pressure within the arteries created by the force of ventricular contraction
What is systolic pressure?
Highest pressure reached during ventricular contraction
What is diastolic pressure?
Lowest pressure reached when the ventricles are relaxed
What is normal systolic pressure?
90 - 140 mmHg
What is normal diastolic pressure?
60 - 90 mmHg
How do you measure blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer or dinamap
What cardiac changes happen during pregnancy?
The heart is displaced upward and rotated forward. ECG changes.
Increase in size of the heart (70-80 ml)
Dilated and increased contractility
Ventricular hypertrophy
Change in the heart sounds
Increased cardiac output
Women with pre-existing cardiac disease may not be able to cope with the increased demand on the heart in pregnancy
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped out by the heart (the 2 ventricles) in 1 minute. It is a combination of heart rate and stroke volume. Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat.
