Cardio System

Question 1

What does the cardiovascular system transport throughout the body?

Answer 1

Oxygen to cells
Nutrients to cells
Hormones to cells
Waste products from cells
Heat around the body

Question 2

How much blood is in an adult male?

Answer 2

6 litres

Question 3

How much blood is in an adult female?

Answer 3

5 litres

Question 4

How much blood is in an 8 year old?

Answer 4

2 litres

Question 5

How much blood is in an average full term baby?

Answer 5

300mls

Question 6

How much blood is in an average 30 week pre term baby?

Answer 6

100mls

Question 7

Describes the structure of the heart?

Answer 7

4 hollow chambers
2 on the right and 2 on the left
2 pumps separated by the septum
The right side of the heart deals with deoxygenated blood
The left side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood

Question 8

What are the 3 layers that the walls of the heart are made from?

Answer 8

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 9

Describe pulmonary circulation.

Answer 9

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary arteries. These arteries carry the blood to the lungs where it passes through a capillary network close to air filled alveoli. This enables the release of carbon dioxide and the uptake of oxygen from the air. The now oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium in the pulmonary veins.

Question 10

Describe Systemic circulation.

Answer 10

Oxygenated blood that flows into the left atrium, then flows into the left ventricle. the left ventricle then pumps the blood through the aorta, the major artery which supplies blood to the body.

Question 11

Describe arteries

Answer 11

Their major role is to carry away from the heart delivering oxygen rich blood to capillaries. 3 layers: outer, middle muscular and inner smooth epithelial. they expand and contract.

Question 12

Describe veins

Answer 12

Their main role is to carry blood to the heart, carrying oxygen depleted blood and carbon dioxide from the capillaries. 3 layers: outer, middle muscular and inner smooth epithelial. They expand and contract

Question 13

Describe the capillaries

Answer 13

Their main role is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, involved in the release of heat. They are thin and fragile, one epithelial cell in depth

Question 14

What way do the arteries flow blood?

Answer 14

Away from the heart

Question 15

Describe the arterioles

Answer 15

Oxygen rich

Carbon dioxide poor

Question 16

Describe the venules

Answer 16

Oxygen poor

Carbon dioxides rich

Question 17

What way do the veins flow blood?

Answer 17

To the heart

Question 18

Describe blood pressure

Answer 18

The pressure within the arteries created by the force of ventricular contraction

Question 19

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 19

Highest pressure reached during ventricular contraction

Question 20

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 20

Lowest pressure reached when the ventricles are relaxed

Question 21

What is normal systolic pressure?

Answer 21

90 - 140 mmHg

Question 22

What is normal diastolic pressure?

Answer 22

60 - 90 mmHg

Question 23

How do you measure blood pressure?

Answer 23

Sphygmomanometer or dinamap

Question 24

What cardiac changes happen during pregnancy?

Answer 24

The heart is displaced upward and rotated forward. ECG changes.
Increase in size of the heart (70-80 ml)
Dilated and increased contractility
Ventricular hypertrophy
Change in the heart sounds
Increased cardiac output
Women with pre-existing cardiac disease may not be able to cope with the increased demand on the heart in pregnancy

Question 25

What is cardiac output?

Answer 25

The amount of blood pumped out by the heart (the 2 ventricles) in 1 minute. It is a combination of heart rate and stroke volume. Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat.