Cardio Respiritory

Question 1

Heart pathway of blood

Answer 1

Pathway of the blood:
• deoxygenated blood into right atrium
• then into the right ventricle
• the pulmonary artery then transports
deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• gas exchange occurs (blood is
oxygenated)
• pulmonary vein transports oxygenated
blood back to the left atrium
• then into the left ventricle
• before oxygenated blood is ejected and
transported to the body via the aorta.

Question 2

Pathway of air

Answer 2

mouth/nose
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles
• alveoli.

Question 3

Alveoli adaptation

Answer 3

Large SA area
Lots of capillaries around alveoli
Capillaries are 1 wall thin
Short distance between them, higher diffusion rate

Question 4

Arteries

Answer 4

Carry blood AAAway from the heart ( oxygenated).
Thick muscular elastic walls to withstand high pressure
Small lumen
Have pulse

Question 5

Veins

Answer 5

carry blood towards the heart
Thin walls,
larger lumen
Have valves to prevent the backflow

Question 7

CO equations

Answer 7

Cardiac output (Q) = stroke volume x heart rate

Question 8

Diastole, systole

Answer 8

Diastole- relaxed, heart filled with blood
Systole - ventricles contract, pushing out the blood

Question 9

Expiration

Answer 9

Breathing muscle relax
Diaphragm returns to its normal shape
Ribs go down
Volume of chest decreases
Abdominals contract to force the air out

Question 10

Inspiration

Answer 10

Intercostal muscles contract
Ribs go up
Diaphragm contracts increasing the size of chest cavity

Question 11

Breathing diagram

Answer 11

Tidal volume - normal breath at rest
Inspiratory reserve volume -additional air that can be inhaled after normal breath
Expiratory reserve volume - additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal breath
Residual volume- volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal respiration