Cardio Respiratory System

Question 1

Define the term diastole

Answer 1

Term used to describe the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle. The heart ventricles are relaxed and fill with blood

Question 2

Define the term systole

Answer 2

Term used to describe the contraction phase of the Cardiac cycle. The ventricles contract and pump blood to the arteries

Question 3

Define the term stroke volume

Answer 3

The volume of blood that leaves the heart during each contraction

Question 4

Define the term health

Answer 4

A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease

Question 5

Define the term fitness

Answer 5

The ability to meet the demands of and environment

Question 6

Heart rate (HR)

Answer 6

The number of time the heart beats per minute

Question 7

Anticipatory rise

Answer 7

Slight increase in heart rate usually before activity starts due to the expectation of exercise

Question 8

Define the term cardiac output

Answer 8

The amount of blood the heart pumps out. Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

Question 9

How does exercise and being fit improve your physical health

Answer 9

. Allows the development of more red blood cells
. Weight loss
. Bone development
. Increase metabolic rate
. Decreased resting heart right
. Reduced risk of cancers, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

Question 10

Pathway of blood

Answer 10

1.Vena cava
2.Right atrium
3.Tricuspid valve
4.Right ventricle
5.Pulmonary valve
6.Pulmonary artery
7.Lungs
8.Left atrium
9.Bicuspid valve
10.Left ventricle
11. Semi lunar valve
12. Aorta
13. Body

Question 11

Differences between trained and untrained athletes

Answer 11

. Trained athletes have higher red blood cell concentration meaning more oxygen is transported to the working muscles
. Atriums and ventricles become larger to hold more blood
Trained athletes have a higher stroke volume as their left ventricle has a higher volume
. Heart rate vis lower in a trained athlete

Question 12

What is bradycardia

Answer 12

The term bradycardia means a heart rate lower than 60bpm

Question 13

What is the average stroke volume for and untrained person

Answer 13

112ml

Question 14

What is the average stroke volume for a trained athlete

Answer 14

130ml

Question 15

What is the average stroke volume for an endurance athlete

Answer 15

180ml

Question 16

Define the term myogenic

Answer 16

The heart is myogenic which means it creates its own electrical impulse so it can beat

Question 17

How does the cardiac conduction system work

Answer 17

The heart is described to be myogenic meaning that the heart provides its on electrical impulse so it can beat.

SA node is located in the right atrium. It generates electrical impulses that spread through the walls of the atria, causing the atria to contract and push blood into the ventricles. After the SA node initiates the impulse, the signal travels to the AV node, located between the atria and ventricles. The AV node delays the impulse for a brief moment, allowing the ventricles time to fill with blood from the atria before they contract. From the AV node, the electrical signal travels down the Bundle of His, which is located in the interventricular septum (the wall between the two ventricles). This bundle helps transmit the electrical impulse to the ventricles. The bundle branches further divide into a network of fibers called Purkinje fibers, which spread throughout the walls of the ventricles. These fibers deliver the electrical impulses to the ventricular muscle, causing the ventricles to contract and pump blood

Question 18

The systole phase

Answer 18

Valves are forced open and atrial contract and remaining blood is forced into ventricles. Then ventricles contract increasing the pressure in the chambers.

Question 19

Short term effects of exercise

Answer 19

. Increased HR due to rising adrenaline levels
. Increased cardiac output
. Increase in stroke volume

Question 20

Long term effects of exercise

Answer 20

.Decrease in resting HR
.Thicker left ventricle
.cardiac hypertrophy
.improvement in cardiac output during exercise

Question 21

The diastole phase

Answer 21

The heart is relaxing and fills up with blood. The atria fills with blood and pressure builds within the chambers. As the pressure increases, the valves begins to slowly open up and let small amounts of blood through