Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HD 1 > Cardio/Resp. Pharmacology > Flashcards

Cardio/Resp. Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

Atorvastatin (lipitor)

A

oral antihyperlipidemic, statin;
= HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (blocks cholesterol synth, etc)
Lowers LDL and triglycerides, for CAD patients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

plant sterol (benechol)

A

oral antihyperlipidemic,
reduces cholesterol absorption
(lipid-lowering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Colesevelam (welchol)

A

oral antihyperlipidemic, bile acid resin;

  • new, lipid lowering –> bind LDL to liver.
  • low toxicity, non-systemic effects.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gemfibrozil (lopid)

A

oral antihyperlipidemic, fibrate; = PPAR-a agonist.
lipid lowering - lower LDL, increase HDL;
for hyperglyceridemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fenofibrate (tricor)

A

oral antihyperlipidemic, fibrate; = PPAR-a agonist.
lipid lowering - lower LDL and increase HDL;
for hyperglyceridemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Niacin

A

oral antihyperlipidemic,
“vitamin mega-dose”
lipid lowering –> increases HDL;
** contraindication: Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ezetimibe (Zeita)

A

oral antihyperlipidemic,
blocks cholesterol transporter
(lipid lowering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ezetimbe/simvastatin (vytorin)

A

oral antihyperlipidemic, statin AND intestinal cholesterol transporter blocker;
lipid lowering – decrease plasma LDL;
* often used in combo w/ statins (if statins alone don’t work)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fluvastatin (Lescol)

A

oral antihyperlipidemic, statin;
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (block cholesterol synth)
lipid lowering -> lowers LDL and triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lovastatin (mevacor)

A

oral antihyperlipidemic, statin;
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (blocks cholesterol synth, etc.)
Lowers LDL and triglycerides, for CAD patients.
*Pro-drug! <– liver metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pravastatin (Prevachol)

A

oral antihyperlipidemic, statin;
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (blocks cholesterol synth, etc.)
lipid lowering - lowers LDL and triglycerides, for CAD patients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rosuvastatin (crestor)

A

Oral antihyperlipidemic, statin;
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor (blocks cholesterol synth, etc)
lipid lowering –> lowers LDL and triglycerides, for CAD patients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Simvastatin (Zocor)

A

oral antihyperlipidemic, statin;
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor (blocks cholesterol synth, etc)
lipid lowering –> esp. LDL and triglycerides, for CAD patients.
* Pro-drug! <– liver metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Propanolol (inderal)

A

oral Sympatholytic, II antiarrhytmic,
NS beta-agonist
* Anti-anginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Atenolol (tenorim)

A

oral sympatholytic, II anti-arrhythmic
b2-antagonist
*anti-anginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metroprolol (Lopressor)

A

oral Sympatholytic, II Anti-arrhythmic,
b1-antagonist
*anti-anginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

glyceryl nitrate (nitrolingual)

A

sublingual/oral vasodilator, organic nitrate;
*fast-acting Anti-anginal,
for acute episode of stable angina, NOT MI!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

isosorbide dinitrate (dilatrate)

A

sublingual vasodilator, organic nitrate

  • anti-anginal, not for MI!
  • slow acting can be used prophylactically (somewhat)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A

oral/topical vasodilator, organic nitrate

  • anti-anginal
  • slow acting can be prophylactic, but quick tolerance dvpt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diltiazem (dilacor)

A

oral calcium channel blocker
(cardiac blocker and vascular effects –> decrease BP)
* anti-anginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Amlodipine (norvasc)

A

oral dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
(vascular effects only)
* anti-anginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

nifedipine (procardia)

A

oral dihydropuridine calcium channel blocker,
mostly sm muscle/vascular effects;
* anti-anginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ranolazine (Ranexa)

A

oral anti-anginal, metabolized by liver;
inhibitor of late Na+ current I(Na-L) => reduce Ca2+ overload after ischemia.
–> lower angina frequency, for pts on 2+ other angina meds.
SE: prolonged QT interval, nausea, dizziness, constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ivabradine

A

oral anti-anginal,
inhibitor of cardiac current (f) => decrease HR, increase BF to heart;
for chronic angina pts w/ Sxs despite other meds, OR CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
lisinopril (prinivil)
oral ACE inhibitor, anti-anginal AND for LV failure patients --> to prevent MI
25
albuterol (proventil)
inhaled bronchodilator, short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) for asthma or COPD SE: tremor, hypOkalemia, maybe tachycardia (B1)
26
terbutaline (brethaire)
inhaled bronchodilator, Short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) for asthma/COPD SE: tremor, hypOkalemia, maybe tachycardia (B1)
27
salmeterol (serevent)
inhaled bronchodilator, LONG-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) for asthma/COPD *should NOT be used by itself!
28
fluticasone (flonase)
inhaled anti-inflammatory steroid * high potency ICS --> for episodic relief #1 for asthma/COPD
29
theophylline
oral or IV bronchodilator *same as salmeterol (IV = aminophylline) for asthma/COPD
30
budesonide (pulmicort)
inhaled anti-inflammatory steroid, * high potency ICS for asthma/COPD (episodic relief)
31
Flunisolide
inhaled anti-inflammatory steroid * low potency ICS for asthma/COPD
32
prednisone
oral anti-inflammatory steroid, for asthma/COPD * systemic so avoid using for very long!
33
beclomethasone (beclovent)
inhaled anti-inflammatory steriod * low potency ICS for asthma/COPD
34
cromolyn
* type of prednisone inhaled anti-inflammatory for asthma prophylaxis (NOT episodic relief)
35
ipratropium bromide (atrovent)
inhaled bronchodilator, short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA) for asthma/COPD
36
tiotropium bromide (spiriva)
inhaled bronchodilator, LONG-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) for asthma/COPD *NOT safe for use alone
37
montelukast (singulair)
oral bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory, CysLTR1 antagonist, blocks sm. muscle R binding; for asthma/COPD
38
zafirlukast
oral bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory, CysLTR1 antagonist, blocks sm. muscle R binding; for asthma/COPD
39
zilueton
oral bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, blocks synthesis of spasmogens; for asthma/COPD
40
omalizumab (xolair)
IV anti-inflammatory, IgE antibody, * for allergic asthma
41
roflumilast
oral anti-inflammatory (reduces chronic inflamm.) PDE-IV inhibitor for COPD (*won't reverse lung damage*) SE: nausea, diarrhea, headache
42
captopril
oral ACE inhibitor and vasodilator, --> block renin/ang/aldosterone system => for CHF
43
enalapril
oral ACE inhibitor and vasodilator, | for CHF
44
Lisinopril
oral ACE inhibitor and vasodilator, | for CHF
45
Losartan
oral Angiotensin receptor antagonist and vasodilator, "ARB" - use if intolerance to ACE Inhibitors; for CHF.
46
Hydralazine
oral vasodilator --> reflex increase HR, preserves NO (reduces NADPH oxidase activity); for CHF (decrease tolerance to nitrates) *always used in combo with isosorbide dinitrate! SE: arthralgias (esp. in women/slow acetylators)
47
Sildenafil (Viagra)
oral vasodilator and PDE-5 inhibitor, --> decrease preload, afterload, & hypertrophy/remodeling; CHF: good for, but not approved yet. SE: headache, flushing, nosebleed, changes in color vision, * careful of cardiac collapse if use w/ nitrates or ARBs!
48
hydrochlorothiazide
oral diuretic (thiazide) for CHF
49
Nesiritide
pseudoBNP, IV diuretic and vasodilator; decreases aldosterone influence (natriuresis). For acute CHF decompensation (dyspnea @ rest) *do NOT use if hypOtensive!
50
Furosemide (Lasix)
oral OR IV diuretic, | for CHF
51
Eplerenone
``` oral diuretic and aldosterone antagonist, --> Blocks aldosterone (mineralocorticoid R blocker); for CHF (decrease edema & risk of arrhythmias) ```
52
Spironolactone
``` oral diuretic and aldosterone antagonist, - specifically blocks aldosterone (mineralocorticoid R blocker); for CHF (decrease edema & risk of arrhythmias). SE: gynecomastia ```
53
Tolvaptan
orally active diuretic, = vasopressin V2 antagonist; --> increase H2O diuresis, for CHF w/ hyponatremia
54
Bisoprolol
oral sympatholytic, beta R antagonist, | for CHF
55
Carvedilol
oral sympatholytic, combined alpha & beta antagonist, *acts on Ryanodine R; - reduce heart damage (remodeling & apoptosis) and prevent complications (arrhythmias, HTN, etc), antioxidant For all CHF pts!
56
Nebivolol
oral sympatholytic, beta antagonist, & eNOS stimulator, - reduce heart damage (remodeling & apoptosis) and prevent complications (arrhythmias, HTN, etc), antioxidant For ALL CHF pts!
57
Ivabradine
orally active anti-anginal, specific bradycardic agent; inhibits Na+ & K+ current I(f) in pacemaker circuit --> decrease HR. for CHF *hepatic clearance -- do NOT use w/ CYP3A4 inhibiting drugs
58
Digoxin
oral OR IV inotrope, antiarrhythmic agent = AV block, increase vagal tone/decrease SNS, increase CO, Also: increase renal f(x) and decrease Renin/angII activity. *narrow Therapeutic range, so start very low dose* --> MANY side effects! (toxicity!) For end-stage CHF, or A-fib w/ rapid ventricular response. *renally-cleared --> check amylase!
59
Dobutamine
IV sympathomimetic | for CHF
60
Dopamine
IV sympathomimetic | for CHF
61
Inamrinone
IV phsophodiesterase inhibitor, | for CHF
62
side effects of ACE Inhibitors
``` "CAPTOPRIL" Cough (common!), Angioedema (rare), Proteinuria (rare), Taste changes, hypOtension (!!!), Pregnancy, Rash, Increased renin, Low AngII (hyperkalemia if use drug combo) ```
63
ACE Inhibitor and ARB contraindications
1. renal stenosis (loss of efferent art. constriction -> low filtration) 2. renal insufficiency (P too low) 3. hyperkalemia 4. pregnancy 5. arterial hypotension * general intolerance
64
side effects/contraindications of statins
1. pregnancy (= teratogenic!) 2. liver disease -- transient ALT, AST elevation; dose-related. *test after start or change dose 3. Myopathy/rhabdomyolysis -- dose-dep.; check serum CK regularly! (creatinine kinase) Also: memory loss & hyperglucemia (DM II)
65
secondary effects of statins
(1. block cholesterol synth) 2. decrease maladaptive compensation processes: - - decrease: vascular inflammation, cell migration, coagulation - - increase: fibrinolysis, vascularization, endothelial function
66
Contraindications and side effects for fibrates
contraindications: 1) hepatic/renal dysfunction; 2) gall bladder disease Side Effects: upset GI, nausea, skin rashes
67
drugs that are "nitrovasodilators"
1. glyceryl trinitrate 2. isosorbide dinitrate 3. isosorbide mononitrate
68
Disopyramide
``` oral anti-arrhythmic, class 1a; Na+ channel blocker, prolongs AP duration. Use: V-fib, sustained ventricular tachycardia SE: dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention (anti-cholinergic effects), long-term pro-arrhythmic ```
69
Procainamide
``` IV/oral anti-arrhythmic, class 1a; Na+ channel blocker, prolongs AP duration. Use: V-fib, sustained ventricular tachycardia SE: *lupus-like sundrome*, hypotension, long-term pro-arrhytmic ```
70
Quinidine
``` oral anti-arrhythmic, class 1a; Na+ channel blocker, prolongs AP. Use: V-fib, sustained ventricular tachycardia SE: *risk of digitalis toxicity!*, GI effects, long term pro-arrhythmic ```
71
Lidocaine
IV anti-arrhythmic, class 1b; Na+ channel blocker, shortens AP duration. Use: acute Tx for V-fib or ventricular tachycardia, * in emergency* SE: CNS depression/stimulation
72
Flecainide
oral anti-arrhythmic, class 1c; Na+ channel blocker, no change to AP. Use: A-fib. rhythm management SE: CNS - dizzy, blurry vision, headaches
73
Propafenome
oral anti-arrhythmic, class 1c; Na+ channel blocker, no effect on AP. Use: A-fib. rhythm management SE: CNS - dizzy, blurry vision, headaches
74
Amiodarone
oral/IV anti-arrhythmic, class III; K+ channel blocker, prolongs repolarization. Use: AF rhythm management (also V-fib & v-tachycardia) SE: *pulmonary toxicity & fibrosis*, CNS effects, increase Warfarin & digoxin effects...
75
Dronedarone
oral anti-arrhythmic, multi-class/class III; K+ channel blocker, prolongs repolarization. Use: AF rhythm management * synthetic, not as effective as amiodarone* SE: fewer than amiodarone
76
Sotalol
``` oral anti-arrhythmic, class III & beta blocker; K+ channel blocker, prolongs repolarization. Use: A-fib/flutter rhythm control SE: risk QT prolongation if renal insufficiency, few other SEs ```
77
Bretylium
IV anti-arrhythmic, class III; K+ channel blocker, prolongs repolarization. Use: recurrent V-fib or ventricular tachycardia IF other Txs fail. SE: hypotension (bc also blocks Na+ release)
78
Verapamil
``` oral anti-anginal & class IV anti-arrhythmic; blocks volt-dep. Ca2+ channels, esp. in cardiac m. --> decrease pacemaker rate (delay depol.) --> prolong AV node repolarization Use: Supraventricular tachycardia, AV nodal reentry, A-fib rhythm control. SE: AV block, negative inotropic action, CNS effects ```
79
Adenosine
IV anti-arrhythmic; Inhibits parasympathetic signaling to SA node --> decrease HR (decrease SA & AV depolarization) Use: Dx supraventricular tachycardia * rapid clearance, minimal effects on contractility (not bad for CHF or hypotensive pts)
80
Digoxin
Cardiac glycoside --> inotropic & bradycardic (decreease AV node conduction) Mech: blocks Na/K pump, w/o Na+ gradient, can't pump out Ca2+ --> increase intracellular Ca2+ = depolarize myocyte Route: oral, rapid activation, bind to plasma proteins, excreted by urine. * antacids decrease absorption Use: CHF, rate control for A-fib SE: pro-arrhythmic if long term, narrow therapeutic index (toxicity!) - w/ diuretics: hypOkalemia; w/ heparin: hypERkalemia
81
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
Oral anti-platelet agent, = Irreversible COX inhibitor, minimal effect on endothelium. Use: anti-coagulant esp. for arterial disease (CAD, PCI) SE: GI toxicity
82
Clopidogrel (plavix)
oral anti-platelet agent (APD R blocker), pro-drug; => P2Y12 irreversible antagonist (once metabolized), blocks platelet binding. Use: anti-coagulant (additive effect w/ aspirin) SE: neutropenia & thrombocytopenic purpura (rare), attenuated platelet inhibition ("resistance")
83
Ticagrelor
oral anti-platelet agent (rapid-acting ADP R blocker), = P2Y12 reversible antagonist use: anti-coagulant (additive effect w/ aspirin) *more protective than clopidogrel* SE: bleeding
84
Abciximab
IV anti-platelet agent, = GPIIb/IIIa R antagonist (blocks final/common pathway --> VERY effective) Use: in-hospital anti-coagulant & for PCI
85
Epoprostenol
IV anti-platelet agent, = synthetic prostaglandin --> inhibits PGI2 (platelet aggregation) Use: anti-coagulant in PCI & hemodialysis
86
Cilostazal
oral anti-platelet agent, PDE III inhibitor --> increase cAMP; Use: Anti-coagulant for claudication/peripheral arterial disease (makes walking less painful!)
87
tranexamic acid
oral/IV hemostatic agent, anti-fibrinolytic; | blocks plasminogen activation.
88
Protamine sulfate
IV hemostatic agent, heparin antidote | antagonizes heparin effect
89
Heparin (aka UFH)
IV/SC anti-coagulant, rapid; *hard to dose/unpredictable* binds antithrombin III --> INcrease proteolytic effect (inactivate factors IIa and Xa, also IX, XI, XII, XIII) Use: IN-hospital anti-coagulant; esp. for VTE, A-fib, and DVTs SE: hep-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), osteoporosis
90
Enoxaprin
IV/SC anti-coagulant, = low molec. weight heparin --> easier dosing (but still unpredictable) Binds antithrombin III, but mostly inactivates Xa (not II) Use: IN-hospital anti-coagulant, esp. for VTE, A-fib, and DVTs SE: fewer than heparin
91
Fondaparinux
IV/SC anti-coagulant, dosing difficult. = Factor Xa inhibitor by binding antithrombin III; Use: IN-hospital anti-coagulant, esp. for VTE, A-fib, and DVTs
92
Warfarin (coumadin)
ORAL anti-coagulant, slow pharmacokinetics, inhibits vit. K reductase (in liver) --> blocks factor II, VII, IX, X activation. Use: long term anti-coagulation SE: many! (drug-drug, variations w/ metabolism, *narrow therapeutic window*), NOT if pregnant (teratogen!) * early hypercoagulability state - must bridge w/ heparin!
93
Dabigatran
Oral anti-coagulant, = direct thrombin inhibitor; pro-drug, renal excretion; Use: anti-coagulant for A-fib (prevent stroke) *Reduce intracranial bleeding by 50%!*
94
Rivaroxaban
oral anti-coagulant, = direct Xa inhibitor; Use: anti-coagulant for A-fib (prevent stroke) *Reduce intracranial bleeding by 50%!*
95
Alteplase (TPA)
IV thrombolytic, = recombinant tPA; Use: thrombolysis in acute PE, MI, thrombosis, ischemic stroke SE: GI/CNS hemorrhage

HD 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions