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Phase 2a > cardio pharmacology > Flashcards

cardio pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what drugs are given to a patient with stable angina?

A
  • beta blockers
  • nitrates
  • calcium channel antagonists
    statins
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2
Q

what is the function of beta blockers?

A

reduce heart rate- negatively chronotropic and inotropic

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3
Q

what is the function of nitrates?

A
  • primary venodilators

- dilate systemic veins to reduce venous return, so reduce work of heart and O2 demand

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4
Q

what is the function of calcium channel antagonists`?

A
  • primary arteriodilators
  • dilate systemic arteries- so reduce after load on heart, so less energy required to produce the same CO, so less work on heart and O2 demand
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5
Q

what is the function of statins?

A
  • HMGCoA inhibitors

- reduce LDL levels in blood

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6
Q

what is the function of aspirin?

A

irreversible inactivation of cyclooxygenase 1

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7
Q

what 2 drugs are involved in dual anti platelet therapy for ACS?

A

aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors

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8
Q

what 5 drugs are used in the secondary prevention of ACS?

A
  • aspirin
  • P2Y12 inhibitors
  • statins
  • ACE inhibitors
  • beta blockers
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9
Q

name an example of a P2Y12 inhibitor

A

clopidogrel

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10
Q

what are the 4 classes of diuretics?

A

thiazides
loop diuretics
potassium-sparing diuretics
aldosterone agonists

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11
Q

name an example of a thiazide

A

bendroflumethiazide

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12
Q

name 2 loop diuretics

A

furosemide and bumetanide

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13
Q

where do thiazides act?

A

distal tubule of the nephron

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14
Q

name a potassium sparing diuretic

A

spironolactone

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15
Q

name 2 nitrates

A

isosorbide mononitrate, GTN spray

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16
Q

what are the 4 classes of the Vaughan Williams classification of antiarrythmic drugs?

A
  • class 1- sodium channel blockers
  • class 2- beta adrenoreceptor antagonists
  • class 3- prolong the action potential
  • class 4- calcium channel blockers
17
Q

give an example of a class 1 Vaughan Williams drug in each category (A, b, c)

A

a- quinidine
b- lidocaine
c- propafenone

18
Q

give 2 examples of class 2 Vaughan Williams drugs

A

propanolol, nadolol

19
Q

give 2 examples of class 3 Vaughan Williams drugs

A

amiodarone, sotalol

20
Q

give 2 examples of class 4 Vaughan Williams drugs

A

verapamil, diltiazem

21
Q

name 2 ACE inhibitors

A

ramipril, perindopril, enalapril, trandolapril

22
Q

when are ACE inhibitors clinically indicated?

A

hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

23
Q

what are the adverse affects of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • hypotension
  • acute renal failure
  • hyperkalaemia
  • teratogenic effects in pregnancy
  • increase in kinin production
24
Q

what symptoms of increased kinin production do ACE inhibitors cause?

A

cough, rash, anaphylactoid reactions

25
Q

when are ARB’s (angiotensin II receptor blockers) clinically indicated?

A

hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

26
Q

give 2 examples of ARB’s

A

candesartan, valsartan

27
Q

what are the adverse effects of ARB’s?

A

symptomatic hypotension, hyperkaleamia, renal dysfunction, rash, angio-oedema

28
Q

when are calcium channel blockers clinically indicated?

A

hypertension, IHD, tachycardia

29
Q

what are the 3 classes of calcium channel blockers and what are their effects?

A

dihydropyridines- affect vascular smooth muscle, peripheral arterial vasodilators
phenylalkyamines- negative chronotropic and inotropic effect
benzothiazepines- affects both heart and peripheral vascular system

30
Q

name 4 dihydropyridines

A
  • nifedipine
  • amlodipine
  • felodipine
  • lacidipine
31
Q

give an example of a phenylalkylamine

A

verapamil

32
Q

give an example of a benzodiazepine

A

diltiazem

33
Q

when are beta blockers clinically indicated?

A

angina, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension

34
Q

what are the adverse affects of beta blockers?

A

fatigue, headache, sleep disturbance, hypotension, bradycardia, cold peripheries, erectile dysfunction

35
Q

what are the adverse effects of dihydropyridines?

A

Peripheral vasodilation can cause flushing, headache, oedema and palpitations

36
Q

what are the adverse effects of both verapamil and diltiazem?

A

Negatively chronotropic effects cause bradycardia

37
Q

what are the adverse effects of verapamil?

A

Negatively inotropic effects cause worsening of cardiac failure, constipation

Phase 2a (2 decks)

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