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AB 1st Year Cardiovascular > Cardio Pharmacology > Flashcards

Cardio Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

diuretics

A
  • block Na+ reabsorption
  • loop e.g furosemide, used for HF
  • thiazide e.g bendrofluazide, used for HT
  • side effects..
    increased uric acid (gout)
    hypokalaemia
    hyperglycaemia
    impotence
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2
Q

B Blockers

A
  • end in ‘olol’
  • act on B1/B2 adrenoreceptors (Gs)
  • selective e.g atenelol
  • non elective e.g propranalol
  • used in HT, angina, post MI, HF (long term), V/SVT arrythmias
  • side effects…
    lethargy
  • do not use in asthma
  • do not use with CCBs
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3
Q

Calcium Channel Antagonists

A
  • prolong opening of L type channels, so cause delayed conduction in the heart
  • e.g verapamil, diltazem (rate limiting), dihydropyridine (amlodipine)
  • used in SVT arrythmias, HT, angina
  • side effects…
    oedema
    hypotension
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4
Q

alpha blockers

A
  • blocks vascular alpha 1 receptors
  • e.g doxazosin
  • used in HT, prostatic hypertrophy
  • side effects..
    postural hypotension
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5
Q

ACE inhibitors

A 
'pril'
- block conversion of angiotension 1 to 2
- used in HT, HF, post MI
- side effects...
cough
renal dysfunction
angioneurotic oedema 
hypotension
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6
Q

ARB

A

‘sartan’
- block angiotensin 1 receptors
- used in HT, HF, post MI, diabetic nephropathy
- side effects…
renal dysfunction
first dose hypotension
- DO NOT use in pregnancy of renal artery stenosis

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7
Q

nitrates

A
  • relax all SM via metabolism of NO, redirect blood to ischaemia
  • e.g GTN, isosorbide mononitrate
  • used in angina, MI, acute HF
    side effects..
    headaches
    tolerance (leave 8/24 free)
    hypotension
    collapse
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8
Q

K+ channel agonist

A
  • decrease calcium sensitivity of SM, so calcium pump is activated which promotes K efflux and therefore VASODILATION
  • used in angina, HT
  • e.g nicorandil
  • side effects…
    reflex tachycardia
    na/h20 retention
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9
Q

fibrates

A
  • reduce liver production of VLDL and increase rate of removal of triglycerides
  • e.g bezofibrate, gemfibrozil
  • used in hypertriglyceridaemia
  • side effects
    myositis
  • DO NOT use with statins
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10
Q

statins

A

‘statin’
- competitive inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase, which reduces LDL in the liver
- used in high cholesterol, diabetes, angina, MI, CVA/TIA
- side effects..
myopathy
rhabdomyolysis renal failure
- DO NOT use in pregnancy
- ineffective in familial hypercholesterolemia

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11
Q

fibrinolytics

A
  • dissolves formed clots
  • used in STEMI, PE, CVA
  • e.g streptokinase
  • side effects..
    haemorrhage
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12
Q

antiplatelets

A
  • prevent the formation of a new thrombus
  • e.g aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, tricagrelor
  • used in angina, CVA/TIA, acute/post MI
  • side effects..
    haemorrhage
    peptic ulcer
    asthma
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13
Q

warfarin

A
  • prevents new thrombosis
  • blocks clotting factors 2, 7, 9, 19
  • used in DVT, PE, NSTEMI, AF
  • side effects..
    haemorrhage
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14
Q

heparin

A
  • bind to anti thrombin III, stops it anti thrombotic properties
  • reversed by protamine
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15
Q

rivaroxaban

A
  • factor Xa inhibitor
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16
Q

dabigatron

A
  • thrombin factor IIa inhibitor (Xa converts II -> IIa)
17
Q

digoxin

A
  • blocks AV node conduction, producing AVN delay
  • used in AF, HF
  • side effects…
    bradycardia and heart block
    nausea/vomiting
    blurred yellow vision
    ventricular irritability -> arrythmias
18
Q

B adrenoreceptor Agonist

A
  • act on alpha1, b1 and b2
  • used in anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest
  • e.g adrenaline, dobutamine (selective for B1, used in HF)
  • side effects..
    arrythmias
19
Q

ivabradine

A
  • HCN channel blocker, which usually open to allow Na+ influx to start depolarisation
  • used in HF and angina
20
Q

aldosterone receptor antagonist

A
  • blocks aldosterone receptor, K sparing diuretic
  • e.g spironolactone
  • used in moderate and severe HF
  • side effects..
    gynaecomastia
21
Q

Non selective muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists

A
  • increase HR
  • must be used in a high dose >600mg
  • e.g atropine
  • used in severe bradycardia and after MI

AB 1st Year Cardiovascular (8 decks)

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