Cardio OSCE Flashcards
Femoral pulse
Inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
Popliteal pulse
In political fossa (immediately posterior to the knee joint)
Posterior tibial
Between the posterior border of the malleolus and the achilles tendon
Dorsalis pedis
Lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus on the dorsum of the foot
Burger’s test
Pallor elevation, reactive hyperaemia on dependency is a positive result. Indicates significant PAD
Thrills
tsk-tsk-tsk= palpable murmur
Heave
sustained left parasternal suggests right ventricular hypertrophy or left atrial enlargement, apex heave suggests left ventricular hypertrophy -aortic stenosis, systemic hypertension and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Apex
5th intercostal space, mid clavicular (L)
Tricuspid area
4th intercostal space, L
Aortic area
2 intercostal space, R
Pulmonary area
2nd intercostal space, L
Clubbing
seen in 10% of patients with subacute infective endocarditis, seen in congenital cyanotic heart disease (Fallot’s tetralogy)
Koilonychia
Fe deficiency, haemochromatosis, endocrine disorders (acromegaly, hypothyroidism)
Splinter haemorrhage
Infective endocarditis
Corneal arcus
hyperlipidaemia. This is a creamy yellow discolouration at the border of the iris and cornea caused by precipitation of cholesterol crystals
Xanthelasma
hyperlipidaemia, yellowish cholesterol plaques around the eyelids and periorbital area
Malar flush
low CO, mitral stenosis
Peripheral cyanosis
when peripheral vasoconstriction and stasis of blood in the extremities leads to increase peripheral oxygen extration e.g. in congestive heart failure, circulatory shock, Reynaud’s (abnormalities of the peripheral circulation)
Cap refill
5s, should return in 2s
Lean forward
Aortic regurgitation
Roll over
Mitral stenosis
