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medterm MD topics > CARDIO NEW MEDTERM- TOPIC 2 MD > Flashcards

CARDIO NEW MEDTERM- TOPIC 2 MD Flashcards

1
Q

AS

A

aortic stenosis

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2
Q

ASD

A

ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT

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3
Q

CABG

A

CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT

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4
Q

CAD

A

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

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5
Q

CC

A

cardiac catheterization

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6
Q

CHB

A

complete heart block

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7
Q

CHF

A

congested heart failure

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8
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

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9
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

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10
Q

ECG/EKG

A

electrocardiogram

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11
Q

HDL

A

high density lipoprotein

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12
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoprotein

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13
Q

HF

A

heart failure

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14
Q

MI

A

myocardial infraction

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15
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

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16
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

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17
Q

the unusually feeling of one’s heartbeat

A

palapation

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18
Q

other term for cough

A

tissus

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19
Q

a reflex to clear out throat of object that passes airway

A

cough

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20
Q

where to check for cyanosis and pallor?

A

buccal or eye area

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21
Q

other term for diziness

A

syncope pain

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22
Q

What to inspect in cardiac problems

A
  1. pain
  2. shirtness of breath
  3. light headedness and fainting
  4. palpatations
  5. skin color, temp, turgor
  6. edema
  7. clubbing
  8. decreased crt
  9. palpation of heart borders
  10. location of apical impulse
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23
Q

CRT

A

capilliary refill time

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24
Q

what to inspect during pain?

A

location, radiation, nature chsracteristics

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25
Q

the most common syntom but difficult to evaluate

A

pain

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26
Q

in pain (heart) : where do you locate?

A

chest, upper abdomen, then radiated to jow, neck left side shoulder/hand, if CHF sa right side

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27
Q

it is due to decrease oxygen of blood supply

A

shortness of breath

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28
Q

types of shortness of breath

A
  1. dyspnea on exertion
  2. orthopnea
  3. paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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29
Q

type of dyspnea due to pagmosaka sa stairs kay galisod ug ginhawa

A

dyspnea on exertion

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30
Q

type of dyspnea where mas makatulog or makaginhawa sila if they are standing

A

orthopnea

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31
Q

type of dyspnea : is shortness of breath or difficulty breathing when you’re lying down

A

orthopnea

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32
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

is an attack of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occurs at night. It usually awakens the person from sleep, and may be quite frightening.

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33
Q

other term for paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

cardiac asthma

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34
Q

near syncope is also known as

A

light headeness

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35
Q

syncope is

A

fainting

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36
Q

what to inspect during palpation?

A
  1. general appearance
  2. skin color
  3. edema
  4. clubbing
  5. decreased crt
  6. palpation of heart borders
  7. location of apical pulse
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37
Q

it mimics asthmatic attack

A

PND

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38
Q

yellow to orange plaque

A

xanthelasma

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39
Q

what cause xanthelasma

A

excess cholesterol/ fat in the body it will grow up on skin

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40
Q

where xanthelasma commonly found?

A

inner angle of the eye

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41
Q

what is arcus senilis

A

is a half-circle of gray, white, or yellow deposits in the outer edge of your cornea, the clear outer layer on the front of your eye. It’s made of fat and cholesterol deposits.

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42
Q

cause of arcus senilis?

A

fat and cholesterol deposits.

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43
Q

what is clubbing

A

thickening nailbed tissue

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44
Q

what if CRT won’t return to color?

A

the patient is dehydrated or decrease of blood flow in 2-3secs

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45
Q

how to check CRT?

A

pinch the skin (finger) then let it go, if the color wont go back to normal

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46
Q

sources of cholesterol

A

fatty foods: dairy products, meet product or it is produced by the liver that can be saturated or trans fat

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47
Q

types of lipoprotein

A
  1. hdl
  2. ldl
  3. vldl
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48
Q

what are the 2 fatty elements

A

cholesterol

triglycerides

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49
Q

waxy , fat like substance that’s found in all the cells in the body

A

cholesterol

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50
Q

why we need cholesterol?

A

to make hormone , vit d, substance that can help digest food

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51
Q

what is triglyceride

A

a type of fat found in your blood that stores unused/extra calories and provide your body w/ energy

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52
Q

what is lipoprotein

A

a group of substance with a combination of fat plus protein

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53
Q

what are the clinical aspect of circulatory system

A
  1. atherosclerosis
  2. anuerysm
  3. hypertension
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54
Q

what is atherosclerosis?

A

hardened plaque

55
Q

what is arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the artial wall due to atherosclerosis

56
Q

what is bloodclot

A

coagulated blood from liquid to solid

57
Q

embolism

A

obstruction of blood vessel due to foreign substance

58
Q

other term for embolism

A

travelling bloodclot

59
Q

causes of artherosclerosis

A
  1. dyslipidemia
  2. thrombosis
  3. embolism/ embolus
  4. ischemia
60
Q

thrombosis is also known as

A

bloodclot

61
Q

ischemia in heart

A

is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive),
occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen.

62
Q

what is anuerysm

A

ift he wall of an artery becomes weak it can stretch and balloon out

63
Q

there are alot of anuerysm names but the most common is …

A

brain aneurysm

64
Q

types of aneurysm

A
  1. saccular
  2. fusiform
  3. rupture
65
Q

what is saccular aneurysm

A

also called “berry” aneurysms because they look like berries, are the most common type of brain aneurysm.

66
Q

what is fusiform aneurysm

A

bulges or balloons out on all sides of the blood vessel.

67
Q

what is rupture aneurysm

A

aneurysm releases blood into the subarachnoid space around the brain causing a stroke

68
Q

why air bubbles are not good example in injection

A

air bubbles can cause bloodclot

69
Q

due to increase bp

A

hypertension

70
Q

types of hypertension

A
  1. essential hypertension

2. secondary hypertension

71
Q

type of hypertension which is mostly genetic

A

essential hypertension

72
Q

type of hypertension which is caused by underlying disease

A

secondary hypertension

73
Q

expansion and contraction of an artery in a regular , rhytmic pattern

A

pulse

74
Q

meassuring the pressure exerted by the circulating volume of blood on the walls of the arteries, veins, and chambers of the heart

A

blood pressure

75
Q

the first heart sound (s1)

A

dull “lubb” sound

76
Q

the 2nd heart sound (s2)

A

dubb

77
Q

3rd heart sound (s3)

A

faint

78
Q

4th heart sound (s4)

A

rarely audible

79
Q

caysed by abnormal valve function particularly in mitral valve

A

clicks / snaps

80
Q

creaking, grating sounds caused by friction between the beating heart and inflamed pericardium

A

rubs

81
Q

cause by passage of blood through a normal artery, kind of blowing noise heard is sthethoscope over the carotid arteries in the neck

A

bruits

82
Q

caused by abnormal heartflow of the blood through a valve or orifice

A

murmurs

83
Q

what are the causes of development of murmurs

A
  1. highblood flow
  2. decreased blood flow (stenotic valve)
  3. backflow of the blood (regurgitation)
84
Q

backflow of the blood is called

A

regurgitation

85
Q

what are the clinical aspects of circulatory system

A
  1. artherosclerosis
  2. aneurysm
  3. hypertension
86
Q

common heart disease

A
  1. CAD
  2. HEART FAILURE
  3. RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH EPISODE OF ARF (caused by gr. A streptoccocus)
87
Q

arf

A

Acute renal failure

88
Q

also known as stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident

89
Q

it is the sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood flow

A

cerebrovascular accident

90
Q

spontaneous quivering and ineffectual contraction of muscle fibers in atria/ ventricle

A

fibrillation

91
Q

an area of localized necrosis of tissue resulting from a blockage or narrowing on an artery that supplies the area

A

infract

92
Q

local anemia due to mechanical obstruction (mainly arterial narrowing / obstruction) of blood supply

A

ischemia

93
Q

forcible or irregular pulsation of the heart perceptible to the patient

A

palpations

94
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

95
Q

a backflow as a blood through an incompentent tent valve of the heart

A

regurgitation

96
Q

circulatory failure resulting to inadequate supply of blood to the heart

A

shock

97
Q

narrowing or constriction of an opening

A

stenosis

98
Q

temporarily loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain

A

syncope (fainting)

99
Q

infammation of a vein associated with formation of a blood clot

A

thrombophlebitis

100
Q

passage of a catheter into the heart through a vessel to inject a contrast medium for the imaging , diagnosing abnormalities , obtaining samples or meassuring pressure

A

cardiac catherization

101
Q

pressure in the superior vena cava

A

central venous pressure CVP

102
Q

an imaging method used to study the rate and pattern of the blood flow

A

doppler echocardiography

103
Q

imaging of the heart after injection of a radio active isotope.

A

heart scan

104
Q

it is used to test for myocardial infraction because the isotope is taking up by damage tissue

A

pyrophosphate (PYP)

105
Q

scan gives information of function of the heart

A

multigated acquisition (MUGA)

106
Q

portable device that can record up to 24hrs of an individual’s ECG reading during normal activity

A

holter monitor

107
Q

use of an ultrasound transducer placed endoscoping into the esophagus to obtain images of the heart

A

Transesophageal echocardiography TEE

108
Q

evaluation of physical fitness by continuous ECG monitoring duriing exercise.

A

stress test

109
Q

a radioactive isotope of thallium is administered to the trace blood flow through the heart during exercise

A

Thallium stress test

110
Q

radiographic recording or study of the coronary arteries

A

coronary angioplasty

111
Q

a noninvasive method to record the internal cardiac structures using an ultrasound

A

echocardiography ECHO

112
Q

compound contaning lipid and protein

A

lipoprotein

113
Q

a drug that lowers bp by blocking the formation of blood by angiotensin II , a substance that normally acts to increase pressure

A

angiotensin converting enzyme

114
Q

a substance that normally acts to increase pressure

A

angiotensin II

115
Q

a drug that blocks tissue receptor for angiotensin II

A

angiotensin II receptor antagonist

116
Q

a drug that regulates the rate and rhythm of a heartbeat

A

antiarrhythmic agent

117
Q

drug that decreases the rate and strength of heart contraction

A

beta adrenergic blocking agent

118
Q

the drug that controls the rate and force of heart contraction by regulating calcium entrance into the cells

A

calcium channel blocker

119
Q

a drug that slows and strenghten heart muscles contraction

A

digitalis

120
Q

drug that eliminates fluid by increasing the output of urine by the kidney. lowered blood volume decreases the workload of the heart

A

diuretic

121
Q

drug thaat lowers serum cholesterol

A

hypolipidemic agent

122
Q

a local anesthetic that is used intravenously to treat cardiac arrhythmias

A

lidocaine

123
Q

a drug used as treatment of angina pectoris to dilate coronary vessles

A

nitroglycerin

124
Q

drug that act to lower lipids in the blood. the drug names end w -statin , like lovostatin

A

statins

125
Q

an enzyme used to dissolve bloodclots

A

streptokinase

126
Q

a drug used to dissolve bloodclots. it activates the production of a substance (plasmin) in the blood that normally dissolve clots

A

tissue plasminogen activator tPA

127
Q

a drug that widens blood vessel an dimporves blood flow

A

vasodilator

128
Q

is the medical term for chest pain

A

Angina pectoris

129
Q

extreme sweating

A

diaphoresis

130
Q

diffuculty breathing

A

dyspnea

131
Q

what are the arrhythmia

A
  1. bradycaria
  2. tachycardia
  3. dyspnea
  4. fibrillation
132
Q

what are the coronary artery disease

A
  1. angina pectoris
  2. diaphoresis
  3. dyspnea
133
Q

what are the heart failure syntoms

A
  1. edema
    2, cynosis
  2. dyspnea
  3. syncope

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