CARDIO NEW MEDTERM- TOPIC 2 MD Flashcards
1
Q
AS
A
aortic stenosis
2
Q
ASD
A
ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT
3
Q
CABG
A
CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT
4
Q
CAD
A
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
5
Q
CC
A
cardiac catheterization
6
Q
CHB
A
complete heart block
7
Q
CHF
A
congested heart failure
8
Q
CVA
A
cerebrovascular accident
9
Q
DVT
A
deep vein thrombosis
10
Q
ECG/EKG
A
electrocardiogram
11
Q
HDL
A
high density lipoprotein
12
Q
LDL
A
low density lipoprotein
13
Q
HF
A
heart failure
14
Q
MI
A
myocardial infraction
15
Q
MVP
A
mitral valve prolapse
16
Q
SOB
A
shortness of breath
17
Q
the unusually feeling of one’s heartbeat
A
palapation
18
Q
other term for cough
A
tissus
19
Q
a reflex to clear out throat of object that passes airway
A
cough
20
Q
where to check for cyanosis and pallor?
A
buccal or eye area
21
Q
other term for diziness
A
syncope pain
22
Q
What to inspect in cardiac problems
A
- pain
- shirtness of breath
- light headedness and fainting
- palpatations
- skin color, temp, turgor
- edema
- clubbing
- decreased crt
- palpation of heart borders
- location of apical impulse
23
Q
CRT
A
capilliary refill time
24
Q
what to inspect during pain?
A
location, radiation, nature chsracteristics
25
the most common syntom but difficult to evaluate
pain
26
in pain (heart) : where do you locate?
chest, upper abdomen, then radiated to jow, neck left side shoulder/hand, if CHF sa right side
27
it is due to decrease oxygen of blood supply
shortness of breath
28
types of shortness of breath
1. dyspnea on exertion
2. orthopnea
3. paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
29
type of dyspnea due to pagmosaka sa stairs kay galisod ug ginhawa
dyspnea on exertion
30
type of dyspnea where mas makatulog or makaginhawa sila if they are standing
orthopnea
31
type of dyspnea : is shortness of breath or difficulty breathing when you're lying down
orthopnea
32
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
is an attack of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occurs at night. It usually awakens the person from sleep, and may be quite frightening.
33
other term for paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
cardiac asthma
34
near syncope is also known as
light headeness
35
syncope is
fainting
36
what to inspect during palpation?
1. general appearance
2. skin color
3. edema
4. clubbing
5. decreased crt
6. palpation of heart borders
7. location of apical pulse
37
it mimics asthmatic attack
PND
38
yellow to orange plaque
xanthelasma
39
what cause xanthelasma
excess cholesterol/ fat in the body it will grow up on skin
40
where xanthelasma commonly found?
inner angle of the eye
41
what is arcus senilis
is a half-circle of gray, white, or yellow deposits in the outer edge of your cornea, the clear outer layer on the front of your eye. It's made of fat and cholesterol deposits.
42
cause of arcus senilis?
fat and cholesterol deposits.
43
what is clubbing
thickening nailbed tissue
44
what if CRT won't return to color?
the patient is dehydrated or decrease of blood flow in 2-3secs
45
how to check CRT?
pinch the skin (finger) then let it go, if the color wont go back to normal
46
sources of cholesterol
fatty foods: dairy products, meet product or it is produced by the liver that can be saturated or trans fat
47
types of lipoprotein
1. hdl
2. ldl
3. vldl
48
what are the 2 fatty elements
cholesterol
| triglycerides
49
waxy , fat like substance that's found in all the cells in the body
cholesterol
50
why we need cholesterol?
to make hormone , vit d, substance that can help digest food
51
what is triglyceride
a type of fat found in your blood that stores unused/extra calories and provide your body w/ energy
52
what is lipoprotein
a group of substance with a combination of fat plus protein
53
what are the clinical aspect of circulatory system
1. atherosclerosis
2. anuerysm
3. hypertension
54
what is atherosclerosis?
hardened plaque
55
what is arteriosclerosis
hardening of the artial wall due to atherosclerosis
56
what is bloodclot
coagulated blood from liquid to solid
57
embolism
obstruction of blood vessel due to foreign substance
58
other term for embolism
travelling bloodclot
59
causes of artherosclerosis
1. dyslipidemia
2. thrombosis
3. embolism/ embolus
4. ischemia
60
thrombosis is also known as
bloodclot
61
ischemia in heart
is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive),
occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen.
62
what is anuerysm
ift he wall of an artery becomes weak it can stretch and balloon out
63
there are alot of anuerysm names but the most common is ...
brain aneurysm
64
types of aneurysm
1. saccular
2. fusiform
3. rupture
65
what is saccular aneurysm
also called “berry” aneurysms because they look like berries, are the most common type of brain aneurysm.
66
what is fusiform aneurysm
bulges or balloons out on all sides of the blood vessel.
67
what is rupture aneurysm
aneurysm releases blood into the subarachnoid space around the brain causing a stroke
68
why air bubbles are not good example in injection
air bubbles can cause bloodclot
69
due to increase bp
hypertension
70
types of hypertension
1. essential hypertension
| 2. secondary hypertension
71
type of hypertension which is mostly genetic
essential hypertension
72
type of hypertension which is caused by underlying disease
secondary hypertension
73
expansion and contraction of an artery in a regular , rhytmic pattern
pulse
74
meassuring the pressure exerted by the circulating volume of blood on the walls of the arteries, veins, and chambers of the heart
blood pressure
75
the first heart sound (s1)
dull "lubb" sound
76
the 2nd heart sound (s2)
dubb
77
3rd heart sound (s3)
faint
78
4th heart sound (s4)
rarely audible
79
caysed by abnormal valve function particularly in mitral valve
clicks / snaps
80
creaking, grating sounds caused by friction between the beating heart and inflamed pericardium
rubs
81
cause by passage of blood through a normal artery, kind of blowing noise heard is sthethoscope over the carotid arteries in the neck
bruits
82
caused by abnormal heartflow of the blood through a valve or orifice
murmurs
83
what are the causes of development of murmurs
1. highblood flow
2. decreased blood flow (stenotic valve)
3. backflow of the blood (regurgitation)
84
backflow of the blood is called
regurgitation
85
what are the clinical aspects of circulatory system
1. artherosclerosis
2. aneurysm
3. hypertension
86
common heart disease
1. CAD
2. HEART FAILURE
3. RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH EPISODE OF ARF (caused by gr. A streptoccocus)
87
arf
Acute renal failure
88
also known as stroke
cerebrovascular accident
89
it is the sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood flow
cerebrovascular accident
90
spontaneous quivering and ineffectual contraction of muscle fibers in atria/ ventricle
fibrillation
91
an area of localized necrosis of tissue resulting from a blockage or narrowing on an artery that supplies the area
infract
92
local anemia due to mechanical obstruction (mainly arterial narrowing / obstruction) of blood supply
ischemia
93
forcible or irregular pulsation of the heart perceptible to the patient
palpations
94
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
95
a backflow as a blood through an incompentent tent valve of the heart
regurgitation
96
circulatory failure resulting to inadequate supply of blood to the heart
shock
97
narrowing or constriction of an opening
stenosis
98
temporarily loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain
syncope (fainting)
99
infammation of a vein associated with formation of a blood clot
thrombophlebitis
100
passage of a catheter into the heart through a vessel to inject a contrast medium for the imaging , diagnosing abnormalities , obtaining samples or meassuring pressure
cardiac catherization
101
pressure in the superior vena cava
central venous pressure CVP
102
an imaging method used to study the rate and pattern of the blood flow
doppler echocardiography
103
imaging of the heart after injection of a radio active isotope.
heart scan
104
it is used to test for myocardial infraction because the isotope is taking up by damage tissue
pyrophosphate (PYP)
105
scan gives information of function of the heart
multigated acquisition (MUGA)
106
portable device that can record up to 24hrs of an individual's ECG reading during normal activity
holter monitor
107
use of an ultrasound transducer placed endoscoping into the esophagus to obtain images of the heart
Transesophageal echocardiography TEE
108
evaluation of physical fitness by continuous ECG monitoring duriing exercise.
stress test
109
a radioactive isotope of thallium is administered to the trace blood flow through the heart during exercise
Thallium stress test
110
radiographic recording or study of the coronary arteries
coronary angioplasty
111
a noninvasive method to record the internal cardiac structures using an ultrasound
echocardiography ECHO
112
compound contaning lipid and protein
lipoprotein
113
a drug that lowers bp by blocking the formation of blood by angiotensin II , a substance that normally acts to increase pressure
angiotensin converting enzyme
114
a substance that normally acts to increase pressure
angiotensin II
115
a drug that blocks tissue receptor for angiotensin II
angiotensin II receptor antagonist
116
a drug that regulates the rate and rhythm of a heartbeat
antiarrhythmic agent
117
drug that decreases the rate and strength of heart contraction
beta adrenergic blocking agent
118
the drug that controls the rate and force of heart contraction by regulating calcium entrance into the cells
calcium channel blocker
119
a drug that slows and strenghten heart muscles contraction
digitalis
120
drug that eliminates fluid by increasing the output of urine by the kidney. lowered blood volume decreases the workload of the heart
diuretic
121
drug thaat lowers serum cholesterol
hypolipidemic agent
122
a local anesthetic that is used intravenously to treat cardiac arrhythmias
lidocaine
123
a drug used as treatment of angina pectoris to dilate coronary vessles
nitroglycerin
124
drug that act to lower lipids in the blood. the drug names end w -statin , like lovostatin
statins
125
an enzyme used to dissolve bloodclots
streptokinase
126
a drug used to dissolve bloodclots. it activates the production of a substance (plasmin) in the blood that normally dissolve clots
tissue plasminogen activator tPA
127
a drug that widens blood vessel an dimporves blood flow
vasodilator
128
is the medical term for chest pain
Angina pectoris
129
extreme sweating
diaphoresis
130
diffuculty breathing
dyspnea
131
what are the arrhythmia
1. bradycaria
2. tachycardia
3. dyspnea
4. fibrillation
132
what are the coronary artery disease
1. angina pectoris
2. diaphoresis
3. dyspnea
133
what are the heart failure syntoms
1. edema
2, cynosis
3. dyspnea
4. syncope
