Cardio Literature Flashcards
What are the main uses of cTnI?
HSA in dogs with pericardial effusion
DCM
Myocarditis
What are the main uses of BNP?
Differentitate cardio vs resp
HCM
Onset of CHF (and respond to tx)
What is the only biomarker NOT affected by renal disease?
NCX-1 = Sodium Calcium exchanger
What is the prognosis with rupture of LA?
POOR
All died within 1 month
What is the prognosis with chordae rupture?
Most recover!
MST 369 days :)
Can TnI be used to dx incipient DCM?
YES >0.22
Even with no echo or holter changes
What can be combined with NT-ptoBNT to increased accuracy of diagnosing occult DCM?
Holter Monitoring
Dec survival if >50 VPC or >900 NT proBNP
What did the PROTECT study show in DCM dogs?
Delayed onset of CHF and sudden death in dobies with preclinical DCM (MST 718 vs 441) with pimobendan
What type of DCM do cockers get?
Taurine def
What type of DCM do boxers get?
Carnitine def
What can be used on a radiographic to differentiate dyspnea from cardiac vs noncardiac in cats?
• Vertebral Heart Scale system may be useful to differentiate cardiac from noncardiac cause of resp distress in cats
○ VHS >8: Screening with heart disease (VHS >9.3 very specific for heart dz, if 8-9.3 unknown could be heart or resp
What increased the likelihood of identifying bacteria in dogs with endocarditits?
• Performing single sample 16S RNA identified 39% with bacteria compared to 33% with blood culture
○ No study animal had different bacteria identified (but only 2 dogs had both tests +)
○ Combining PCR and blood culture = identified 61% - Suggesting that this increases the likelihood of identification of bacteria in blood
What could be a biomarker of cardiac fibrosis in dogs with chronic cardiac disease?
cTnI
Did strenuous activity affect cTnI? From sled dogs
No!
○ Strenuous exercise (sled dogs) did NOT result in CTnI concentrations above RR (but did increase slightly)
§ After two days CRP did not increased above RR
Suggesting that moderate exercise should not affect the cTnI or CRP in normal dogs
Which biomarker is increased with anemia and IMHA?
cTnI
Which biomarker can be used to identify incipient DCM dogs?
cTnI
cTnI >.22 ng/ml suggestive of underlying cardiomyopathy (even in clinically normal dogs)
Which biomarker can be performed on pleural fluid in cats to determine cardiac vs non-cardiac cause of the fluid?
○ NTproBNP can be measured on pleural fluid in cats to distinguish cardiac cause (higher level) from non-cardiac cause of pleural effusion
Pleural fluid and plasma NTproBNP correlated in cats (higher in cardiac cases)
What can pimobendan result in in cats with systolic anterior motion of MV?
Hypotension
What can be monitored at home in MVD and DCM dogs that is predictive of resolution of CHF?
RR :)
Is heart rate reliable in cats to diagnose CHF?
NO!!
Can cats have no heart murmur with CHF?
YES!!
Is RDW associated with presence of heart failure or MVD?
NO
Is cough associated with CHF in dogs?
No
What is the QUEST study in heart failure?
Pimobendan increased time before intensification of CHF in cats compared to benazepril
Was spironolactone helpful in MVD dogs?
Yes!
• Dogs with moderate to severe MVD the addition of spironolactone to conventional tx decreased risk of reach primary endpoint (cardiac related death, euthanasia, or worsening) - Reduced by 69%
What could be used as biomarker on examination to monitor dogs with MVD?
• Dogs with MVD has increased HR and decreased heart rate variability (assessed by vasovagal tone index) over a year before death (greatest changes in doges dying/euthanized from cardiac dz)
○ HR and VVTI could be biomarkers!
What has been associated with pathogenesis of activation of valvular interstital cells in dogs with MVD?
Serotonin (5HT)
What is the MST for HCM?
1276 days
What is associated with a poor prognosis in HCM?
LAE
What has been demonstrated with the platelets of HCM cats?
• P-selectin and sPECAM were increased in HCM cat platelets indicating platelet activation (may be biomarkers of increased platelet activation in HCM cats)
○ True for resting platelets and stimulated platelets (ADP)
○ Correlated with heart murmur and end-systolic cavity obliteration
What odd side effect can you get with amlodipine?
Generalized edema
How did stem cells therapy work in DCM dogs?
• Retrograde venous delivery of tyrosine mutant adeno-associated virus 2 stromal derived factor 1 adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells = SAFE, BUT no survival advantage in dogs with occult DCM
Is hypertension in Shelties correlated with proteinuria?
No
What resulted in a better outcome in cats with DCM?
Pimobendan
• Cats with non-taurine responsive DCM did better with pimobendan (all given lasix, taurine, and ACEi, some on digoxin): Pimo group was 4X long MST (49 days compared to non pimo group 12 days)
○ Hypo thermia and FS
What is true regarding hypertensive encephalopathy?
prognosis is good for resolution of neuro deficits with normalization of blood pressure (vasgenic edema on MRI)
Is there a role of hypoT4 in DCM?
NO!
• NO role of hypoT4 in etiology or progression of DCM in Dobermans
○ Tx of hypoT4 did NOT improve clinical outcome (dogs still progressed)
○ Dogs with DCM were 2.26 fold higher risk of also being affected with hypoT4
What breed can have coronary artery anomalies?
English Bulldogs with PS (CAREFUL with ballooning)
What can be used in Golden puppies to predict SAS?
-Effective orifice area indexed to body surface area
• In Golden puppies: LVOT V max >2.3 m/s and EOAi
What deletion has been found in ARVC?
Striatin deletion
What pathway in ARVC dogs is inhibited and related to growth and differentiation of adiocytes?
Wnt pathway
What is a common finding in Chaga’s disease?
Bradyarrhythmias that need pacemaker placement
What should you do if you have a healthy cat with a heart murmur?
Need to ECHO
53% have underlying heart disease
What dose spontaneous echocardiogenic contrast likely represent?
Hyperfibrinogenemia (unknown risk of TED)
