Cardio in class Flashcards
PS results in
normal PA pressure
AS radiates to the
MR radiates to the
RVH and high pressure
25-30
carotid arteries/LLSB
Left axilla/back
Cx associated with aortic stenosis
inc risk for
surgery indicated when
normal appearing aortic valve should look like
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy occurs due to
Bicuspid aortic valve
dissection/IE
sx occur (syncope, angina, HF)
3 leaflets, mercedes benz sign
inc myocardial thickness below the aortic valve
LA enlarged, presents with
Sx of IE
Cavitary lung lesions indicate
murmur is usually
Typical bacterial cause
Sx less common in TCV endocarditis (more common in L sided dz)
Which side dz is more common?
double density
Fever, splinter hemorrhage
thromboemboli from tricuspid vegetation
holosystolic, louder during inspiration
Staph aureus
Splinter hemorrhages, Osler/Janeway nodes
Left
Left sided HF signs
Dilated cardiomyopathy due to MI occurs with
Over time
Classic ausculatory findings of left sided systolic heart failure include
S4 indicates decreased
Orthopnea, laterally displaced PMI, crackles/edema
LV muscle loss/remodeling (systolic dysfxn)
heart dilates, HF occurs
left sided S3 at apex (MR)
ventricular compliance
MS has a ___ S1
usually caused by
AR peripheral pulses
JVP greater than 4cm is
A wave indicates
X descent indicates
V wave indicates
Y descent indicates
loud (stenotic valve pops with closure due to high pressure)
rheumatic fever
bounding- large stroke volume, low diastolic pressure
abnormal, elevated
atrial contraction (end diastole)
ventricular systole & atrial relaxation w pulling down of Atrium/TCV
atrial filling peaks w opening of TCV at onset of diastole
ventricular filling
Cx that produce LV dilation
RV impulse can be inc w
Angina type pain
result of
related to
mimic by
relieved by
ischemic cardiomyopathy, MR/AR
RV dilation/PHTN
dull, diffuse, left sided, pressure
coronary artery narrowing w inadequate perfusion for muscle need
exertion
esophageal spasm/pressure overload
rest/nitrates
Anginal type chest pain also occurs w
these lead to
Pericarditis pain relieved by
MR caused by
murmur is
severe may have ___ S2
AS, HTN, PHTN
subendocardial ischemia from pressure overload
sitting forward
leaflet abnormality, chordae rupture, papillary muscle infarct, valve ring widening
holosystolic
widened (early AV closure)
PHTN sx
large artery filling defect suggest, treat w
severe PHTN, ____ contraindicated
Coronary artery occlusion tx options
SOB, loud S2, inc JVD, clear lungs
embolus, anticoagulant/RH cath
stress test
stress test, LH cath, aspirin/clopidogrel
S4 reflects
not produced with
requires a
JVD inc caused by
typically a result of
atrial contraction
w/out organized atrial activity (so not A fib)
stiff ventricle
inc systemic venous blood volume/pressure
Biventricular/isolated RH failrue
Other causes of JVD
Volume overload
Pericardial dz
Dz assc w PHTN
Renal failure, CHF
Constrictive pericarditis, tamponade
COPD, fibrosis, PE, PHTN
Isolated LH failure (MI, MR/AR) do not lead to
MVP with normal LV fxn has ______ pressures
Tamponade findings
Pulsus paradoxus
Normal SBP during inspiration
inc JVD if acute
normal filling pressures
hypotension, inc JVP, dec heart tones, clear lungs, enlarged heart (imaging)
drop in SBP by >10 during inspiration
drops slightly due to IV septum compressing the Left heart
DDx for pericardial effusion
AS murmur
etiologies
may have
severe can cause
malignancy, uremia, iatrogenic, infection, post MI (Dressler/ventricular rupture), CVD, dissection
crescendo-decrescendo, systolic
bicuspid valve, RF, calcific degeneration
dec and small carotid upstroke, narrow S2 split, dec A2, S4
syncope, angina like pain
S2 splitting increases with
Normal
Patho
LBBB will delay
BAV and Marfan produce
Large LA will inc
Inspiration
PS, ASD, MR, RBBB
A2
aortic root dilation, require replacement
the carinal angle >65
S3 usually due to
AS produces, leads to
MVP prolapse murmur
MR or AR (huge left ventricle due to volume overload)
LVH, S4
midsystolic click+/- mid late systolic murmur
Holosystolic murmur in PHTN due to
TR vs MR
anorexigen leads to
RVH can result from, produce
TR
TR has + Carvallo’s sign, max at LLSB, large V jugular pulse
PHTN
PHTN, S4 located at LLSB
Constrictive pericarditis signs
classic result from
PHTN leads to _____ S2, ___ shadows
PHTN and tamponade do not produce
MR leads to
RHF, clear lungs, pericardial calcifications, Kussmaul’s sign
Tb
loud S2, PA shadows
kussmaul’s sign
LHF (rales) and cardiogenic edema
