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EMT > Cardio Emergencies > Flashcards

Cardio Emergencies Flashcards

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

Pressure on vessels from blood, causes Adema

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2
Q

Oncotic Pressure

A

Particles cause pressure

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3
Q

Microcirculation

A

Metarterioles sphincters

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4
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening or stiffening of vessels

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5
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Build up of plaque in vessels

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6
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells, carry O2 and C02 with hemoglobin

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7
Q

Leukocyte

A

White Blood Cell, Immunity

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8
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets, clotting

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9
Q

Septa

A

Walls of the heart

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10
Q

Endocardium

A

Layer of tissue that lines chambers of heart, smooth layer reduces turbulence of blood

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11
Q

Endothelium

A

Lining of vessels, smooth to reduce turbulence of blood

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12
Q

Bundle of His

A

Extension of AV node, branches off to both ventricles, right bundle branch, left bundle branch

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13
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

bring electricity to muscle tissue 20-40 BPM

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14
Q

Sinoatrial Node

A

SA node located in right atrium fires at 60-100 BPM

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15
Q

Internodal Pathways

A

Connect SA node to AV node

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16
Q

Atrioventricular Node

A

AV node 40-60 BPM

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17
Q

P Wave

A

Atrial Contraction

Atrial Depolarization

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18
Q

QRS Complex

A

Ventricular Contraction

Ventricular Depolarization

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19
Q

T Wave

A

Ventricular Depolarization

20
Q

Systole Part of EKG Wave

A

QRS

21
Q

Diastole part of EKG Wave

A

Everywhere Else

22
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Bring Blood to heart muscles, base of Aorta

Fill during diastole, blood blows by during systole

23
Q

Circumflex Artery

A

Feeds both ventricles

24
Q

Collateral Circulation

A

Causes small new vessels but won’t hold up long term

25
Q

Thrombolysis

A

Clot busting drug injected within 4 hrs of chest pain

26
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate blood supply to part of body usually heart

27
Q

Myocardium

A

Working part of the heart
Automaticity
Varies in thickness

28
Q

Pericardium

A

Membrane enclosing the heart
Outer fibrous layer keeps heart in place
Epicardium, layer with serous membrane act as cushion

29
Q

Stroke Volume

A

Amount of blood per heart “squeeze”

30
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate= cardiac output

31
Q

Infarction

A

Tissue death

32
Q

Angina

A

Oxygen demand higher than O2 supply
< 15 min chest pain
Brought on by exertion and stress
Relief- Rest, Nitro, O2

33
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Excessive sweating to an unusual degree

34
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Obstruction of blood flow through coronary arteries

Most commonly occurs in Left Ventricle

35
Q

Acute myocardial infarction

Left ventricular signs and symptoms

A

Anxiety
Pale, cool, clammy
vitals- Tachycardia, tachypnea, orthopnea and Hypotension
Rales, pink frothy sputum, JVD and congestive heart failure

36
Q

Acute myocardial infarction in right ventricular signs and symptoms

A 
Node damage
Anxiety
Pale cool clammy
Vitals- Bradycardia, tachypnea, clear sounds Normotensive
Syncope
37
Q

Syncope

A

Pass out

38
Q

Orthopnea

A

Worse breathing when lying down

39
Q

Angina/AMI treatment

A 
Reassure patient 
Reduce Physical exertion
Position of comfort, probably upright, 
Oxygen if poor 02 sat<94
Baby aspirin 325mg
Nitro if available
ALS
40
Q

Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

A

AMI, heart valve damage, hypertension aging
Tachycardia
Hypertrophy
Heart not giving good output

41
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Enlarged heart, caused by working to hard to keep body going

42
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

Signs and symptoms

A

Left side- anxiety, pale, cool clammy, orthopnea, Rales, pink frothy sputum, JVD, peripheral edema, hypertensive

Right side- anxiety, JVD, peripheral edema, puffy belly

Both- SOB, tachypnea High number Hypertensive
250/98

43
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

% of blood Volume in your heart that it pushes out

44
Q

Congestive Heart Failure treatment

A

Reassure patient
High flow O2, be ready to ventilate patient
Assessment: breath sounds with vitals
If chest pain- baby aspirin 325mg consider nitro
ALS

45
Q

Vasovagal episode

A

Drop in BP, usually due to stress trigger, self resolving

46
Q

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

A

Aortic aneurysm
Widening or ballooning of aortic artery
Tear in inner layer
If rupture expect death

Signs- chest pain, sudden “tearing” pain, radiating into back
Vitals- unequal radial pulses, right stronger
Disparate BP
Hypovolemia

47
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Liquid portion of blood is low

EMT (1 decks)

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