Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drugs > cardio drugs > Flashcards

cardio drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Beta blockers?

A

Beta blockers lower blood pressure by reducing renin release and reduces cardiac output of heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are examples of olol drugs

A

Bisoprolol

Atenolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of calcium channel blockers?

A

Causes relaxation and vasodilation in arterial smooth muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Verapimil example of?

A

CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of CCB?

A

Amlodipine, nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What drug to treat for hypertension in people who are under 55 and not black?

A

ACEi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What drug to treat for hypertension in people who are diabetic and black?

A

ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What drug to treat for hypertension in people who are diabetic and white?

A

ACEi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the mechanism of ACE inhibitors?

A

Inhibit conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the drug interactions of ACEi?

A

ACEi/ARB + thiazide diuretic + NSAIDs together can cause renal failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mechanism of Angiotensin II receptor antagonists?

A

Block type 1 angiotensin II receptors, causing vasodilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What class of drugs end in pril?

A

ACEi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What class of drugs end in pril?

A

ACEi- ramipril, lisinopril, captopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What class of drugs end in sartan?

A

ARB - losartan, candesartan, valsartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the drug interactions of ARB?

A

Avoid with potassium-elevating drugs e.g. potassium supplements or potassium sparing diuretics as can cause hyperkalaemia. ACEi reduce aldosterone secretion (a mineralocorticoid that causes potassium excretion and stimulates sodium reabsorption).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are CI of ARB?

A

Avoid in pregnancy, breast feeding, start with low dose in renal problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the uses of diuretics?

A

Oedema in heart failure, hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?

A

Inhibit Na/Cl co transporter in the distal convoluted tubule of nephron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Bendroflumethiazide an example of?

A

Thiazide diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a side effect of thiazide diuretic?

A

Hypokalaemia and hyponatraemia due to reduced reabsorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the mechanism of a loop diuretic?

A

Inhibit Na/Cl/K co transporter in the ascending loop of henle, causes increased excretion of sodium and water from kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What furosemide and bumetanide an example of?

A

Loop diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the CI of loop diuretics?

A

In patients with severe hyponatraemia and dehydration.

24
Q

What is amiloride, spironolactone an example of?

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Inhibit Na co transporter in the distal convoluted tubule of nephron and helps potassium retention (counteracts potassium losses associated with loop/thiazide diuretics).

26
Q

What are the side effects of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Hyperkalaemia

27
Q

What are the drug interactions to avoid when using potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Other potassium elevating drugs e.g. potassium supplements can cause hyperkalaemia.

28
Q

What are the CI of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Pregnancy, severe AKI.

29
Q

What are three examples of anticoagulants?

A

Oral anticoagulants e.g. Warfarin, IV/SC anticoagulants e.g. LMWH and DOACs direct oral anticoagulants e.g. apixaban

30
Q

What is warfarin and its mechanism?

A

Warfarin is an oral coagulant, prevents activation of Vitamin K so reduces production of coagulation factors.

31
Q

What is enoxaparin and its mechanism of action?

A

SC/IV anticoagulant LMWH, activates antithrombin.

32
Q

What is apixaban and its mechanism of action?

A

DOAC, factor Xa inhibitors.

33
Q

What anticoagulant is monitored and how?

A

Warfarin use must be monitored via regular blood test called INR (international normalised ratio), measured how long it takes blood to clot, average 2-3 if on warfarin.

34
Q

Advantages of DOACs over Warfarin?

A
  • does not require monitoring
  • onset of action in 3 hours
  • less drug interactions
35
Q

Disadvantages of DOACS over Warfarin?

A
  • reversible not possible with some drugs, whereas warfarin reversed can be with vitamin K
  • CI in valvular heart diseases.
36
Q

What are the indications of DOACS?

A

Newly diagnosed DVT, PE, AF, prevention of VTE post surgery.

37
Q

What are the side effects of warfarin?

A

-Haemorrhage in bowel, or brain. Reversal of this can be done with vitamin K.

38
Q

What is mechanism of action of aspirin?

A

Inhibits COX enzyme and reduces platelet aggregation.

39
Q

What are the indications of aspirin?

A
  • Antiplatelet effect for acute coronary syndrome (STEMI.NSTEMI.UNSTABLE)
  • Analgesiac
  • Prophylaxis in CVD
  • AF
40
Q

When can you not give aspirin (CI)?

A

In patients with:

  • Children under 16
  • GI ulcers
  • Haemophilia
41
Q

What complication can arise from use of loop/thiazide diuretics?

A

Gout. Loop or thiazide diuretics increase the absorption of uric acid and decrease the secretion, therefore increasing the risk of developing gout.

42
Q

What are the side effects of Beta blockers?

A

Bronchospasm (CI in asthmatics)

Erectile dysfunction

Sleep disturbances

43
Q

What are the CI of BB?

A

Asthma (causes bronchospasm)

Uncontrolled heart failure.

Continuous use may lead to severe bradycardia so CI in bradycardia.

44
Q

What is a complication of subarachnoid haemorrhage that can be seen in an ECG?

A

Torsades de pointes is a life-threatening form of ventricular tachycardia and QT prolongation where the QRS vary in size and duration (hence the name polymorphic)

45
Q

What are the CI of ACEi?

A

Avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding

AKI/CKD as can cause and worsen renal impairment.

46
Q

What are the side effects of Acei? (5)

A

Cough

Hyperkalaemia

Renal impairment

GI disturbances - dyspepsia

Angioedema

47
Q

What medication is given to torsardes de pointes?

A

IV Magnesium sulphate.

48
Q

What antihypertensive can cause oedema?

A

CCB e.g. verapamil

49
Q

What is needed to monitor before prescribing simvastatin?

A

Serum liver transaminases (ALT), can cause drug induced hepatitis.

50
Q

What is the normal INR range?

A

<1.1, if on warfarin it will be 2-3

51
Q

What macrolide can increase INR?

A

Clarithromycin

52
Q

What diuretic can precipitate gout?

A

Loop e.g. furosemide and Thiazide diuretics e.g. bendroflumethiazide can cause hyperuricemia due to decreased uric acid secretion.

53
Q

What are the adverse effects of BB? (4)

A

Bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, dizziness.

54
Q

What are the adverse effects of digoxin?

A

Blurred vision, dizziness, GI disturbances

55
Q

What are the CI of warfarin use?

A
  • peptic ulcer disease as at risk of GI bleed
  • pregnancy as it is teratogenic,
  • bleeding disorders
56
Q

What should INR be for patients on warfarin with recurrent DVT?

A

INR 3-4 (usually 2-3 if no recurrent DVT)

Drugs (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions