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Cardio > cardio drugs > Flashcards

cardio drugs Flashcards

1
Q

simvastatin

A

statin - use in hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, angina, MI, TIA (renal failure is a side effect)

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2
Q

evolocumab

A

PCSK9 inhibitor

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3
Q

alirocumab

A

PCSK9 inhibitor

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4
Q

atenolol

A

cardioselective bb

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5
Q

bisoprolol

A

cardioselective bb

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6
Q

metoprolol

A

cardioselective bb

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7
Q

propanolol

A

non selective bb

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8
Q

carvedilol

A

non selective bb

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9
Q

vasodilators

A

calcium antagonists, alpha blockers, ACE, ARB, mineralocorticoid antagonist

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10
Q

amlodipine

A

dihydropyridies calcium antagonist

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11
Q

verapamil

A

rate limiting calcium antagonist

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12
Q

diltiazem

A

rate limiting calcium antagonist

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13
Q

doxazosin

A

alpha blocker

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14
Q

losartan

A

ARB

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15
Q

anti-anginal drugs

A

Vasodilators (nitrates, nicorandil, calcium antagonists), slow heart rate (bb, calcium antagonists, ivabardine) metabolic modulators (ranolazine)

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16
Q

ivabradine

A

if channel modulator in the sinus node, slows HR only in sinus rhythm so DOESN’T work in atrial fibrillation

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17
Q

ranolazine

A

late sodium channel modulator: decrease calcium load on heart, effective in refractory angina

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18
Q

anti thrombotic drugs

A

anti platelet (aspirin, clopidogrel, prassurgrel, ticagrelor) anti coagulants (heparin, fondaparinux (IV), warfarin, rivaroxaban dabigatran, edoxaban (oral)), fibrinolytic (streptokinase, tPA)

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19
Q

anti arrhythmic drugs

A

atrial fibrillation (DIGOXIN), ACE, ARB, beta blockers, mineralocorticoid antagonists, neprilysin inhibitors, diuretics

20
Q

spironolactone

A

mineralocorticoid antagonist

21
Q

eplerenone

A

mineralocorticoid antagonist

22
Q

salcubitril valsartan

A

neprilysin inhibitors

23
Q

PCSK9 inhibitor mechanism

A

inhibit binding of PCSK9 to LDLR receptor, allowing LDLR receptors to be available to LDL to clear it, thereby lowering LDL levels (used in familial hypercholesteremia)

24
Q

Diuretics mechanism

A

block Na reabsorption in kidneys

25
Q

thiazide diuretics used in

A

mild hypertension

26
Q

loop diuretics used in

A

heart failure

27
Q

cardio selective beta blockers mechanism and used in

A

block b1, used in angina, acute coronary syndrome, MI, hypertension, heart failure

28
Q

non selective beta blockers mechanism, used in

A

block 1+2, used in migraines

29
Q

side effects of beta blockers

A

asthma, fatigue, heart failure, cold peripheries, bradycardia

30
Q

dihydropyrides used in and side effects

A

hypertension, angina, ANKLE OEDMA

31
Q

rate limiting calcium antagonist used in and side effects

A

used in hypertension, angina, and supra ventricular arrhythmias, AVOID USE WITH BETA BLOCKERS

32
Q

alpha blockers mechanism, used in, and side effects

A

block a-adrenoceptors to cause vasodilation, used in hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy, side effects postural hypotension

33
Q

ACE inhibitor mechanism, used in, side effects

A

block angiotensin I from becoming angiotensin II, used in hypertension and heart failure side effects COUGH, renal dysfuncition, oedema, INHIBIT bradykinin

34
Q

ARB used in an side effects

A

used in hypertension and heart failure, side effects renal dysfunction NO COUGH

35
Q

mineralocorticoids mechanism, used in, side effects

A

block aldosterone receptors, used in heart failure and resistant hypertension, side effects hyperkaelemia and renal impairement

36
Q

nitrates used in side effects tolerance

A

used in angina, acute heart failure, side effects headache hypotension tolerance common, leave 8 hr/d nitrate free

37
Q

isosorbide monoritrate

A

ventilator nitrate

38
Q

nicorandil mechanism and side effects

A

K ATP channel opener, headache mouth/GI ulcers

39
Q

what do anti platelet drugs do, used in, and side effects

A

all prevent new thrombosis, used in angina, acute MI, CVA/TIA side effects: haemorrhage, peptic ulcer, aspirin sensitivity (asthma)

40
Q

anticoagulants used in, side effects, control, reversed

A

prevent new thrombosis, used in DVT, PE, NSTEMI, AF side effects: haemorrhage control by: international’s normalized ratio, reversed by vitamin K

41
Q

what does rivroxaban do

A

factor Xa inhibitor

42
Q

what does dabigatran do

A

thrombin factor IIa inhibitor, Xa converts prothrombin II to thrombin IIa

43
Q

what do fibrinolytic do, used in, side effects, avoided in

A

dissolve formed clot, used in STEMI sometimes: PE and CVA, side effects: haemorrhage, avoid in: recent haemorrhage, trauma, bleed tendencies, severe diabetic retinopathy, peptic ulcer

44
Q

atrial fibrillation mechanism

A

rate control with BB, digoxin or rate limiting calcium channel blockers or chemically cardiovert with amiodarone

45
Q

what does digoxin do?

A
  1. blocks AV conduction (good in AF but bad if excessive because heart rate falls too much)
  2. increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias (always bad, narrow therapeutic index)
46
Q

what does digoxin toxicity do?

A

nausea, vomiting, yellow vision, bradycardia, heart block, ventricular arrhythmias

47
Q

Neprilysin inhibitors side effects

A

hypotension, renal impairment, hyperkaelemia, oedema

Cardio (3 decks)

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