Cardio drugs

Question 1

Statins (lovastatin)

Answer 1

MOA: competitive inhibitor of HMG-COA reductase so decrease production of mevalonate which a cholesterol pre cursor. Decreases mortality in CAD patients.
USE: high cholesterol
A.E.: hepatotoxicity, myopathy (when used with niacin and fibrates)
***Teratogenic-category X

Question 2

Cholestyramine
colestipol
colesevelam

Answer 2

They are bile acid resins.
MOA: inhibits the reabsorption of bile acids in the intestines so liver has to use cholesterol to make new ones. so decrease LDL
USE: high cholesterol
A.E: GI upset, decrease absorption of fat soluble vitamins.

Question 3

ezetimibe

Answer 3

MOA: prevents cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border
USE: high cholesterol
A.E: diarrhea

Question 4

Gemofibrozil

Answer 4

This is fibrates.
MOA: upregulates LPL= increase triglycerides clearance. Also acivates PRAR alfa to increase HDL synthesis.
USE: decrease triglycerides
A.E: cholesterol gallstones, myopathy (esp. with statins)
**** avoid in pregnancy

Question 5

Niacin (Vit. B3)

Answer 5

MOA: inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes so reduces hepatic VLDL synthesis.
USE: It increases HDL and decreases LDL (reduces cholesterol)
A.E.: flushing of the face (give NSAIDS), hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, liver toxicity
***Avoid in pregnancy