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Cardio Drugs > Cardio Drugs > Flashcards

Cardio Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

ACEI Mech of Action

A

Block ACE, Angio1 NOT converted to Angio2.

Reduced Release of Aldosterone therefore inc. loss of Na+ and H20.
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalaemia

Causes venous dilatation reducing preload.
Arteriolar dilatation reducing afterload. By inhibiting the breakdown of bradykinin.

No effect on contractility.

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2
Q

ACEi uses and examples

A

HyperT
HF
Post MI

Ex. Lisinopril

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3
Q

ACEi Side Effects

A

Cough due to bradykinin build up in airways.

Renal Dysfunction.

Angioneurotic oedema.(Angioodema)

Hypotension(First dose).

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4
Q

ACEi Contraindications

A

Pregnancy

Past angiooedema

Renal artery stenosis

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5
Q

ARB’s

A

All features same as ACEi

No cough since bradykinin metabolism uninhibited

LOSARTAN

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6
Q

Nitrates Mech of A.

A

Relax all sm via their metabolism to NO.

Venodilators at clinical doses therefore reduce preload subsequently O2 req. and SV reduced.

At higher doses , arteriolar dilatation reduced afterload.

Increase coronary blood flow by redirecting bloodflow to ischaemic zone by dilating collateral vessels.

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7
Q

Nitrates uses and examples

A

Angina

ACUTE HF

MI

Ex.

ISMN- Resists first pass metabolism, 2-4hrs. Oral. Prophylactic

GTN- Extensive first pass metabolism, 30mins.
Spray/Patch.

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8
Q

Nitrates side effects

A

Headache
First dose hypotension
Collapse

Tolerance common crucial to leave 8-24hour nitrate free period.

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9
Q

Antiplatelets

A

Inhibit thromboxane(recruiter of platelets)

Uses: 
Angina 
Acute MI
Post MI
CVA/TIA

Ex. Aspirin, Clopidogrel

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10
Q

Antiplatelets side effects

A

HAEMORRHAGE
Peptic Ulcer.
Asthma (aspirin sensitivity)

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11
Q

Anticoagulants Mech of A.

A

Heparin

Binds antithrombin 3 leading to inactivation of clotting factors Xa and IIa and others.
Prevents existing clots from growing.

Warfarin

Inhibits vitK reductase, inhibiting synthesis of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X and coag proteins C &a S.

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12
Q

Anticoagulant uses and examples

A

DVT
PE
NSTEMI
AF

Heparin - reversed by protamine

Warfarin - reversed by vitamin K

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13
Q

Anticoagulants side effects

A

HAEMORRHAGE
Osteoporosis
Hypoaldosteronism

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14
Q

Fibrinolytics

A

Dissolve formed clots.

Uses

STEMI
PE
CVA

Ex. Streptokinase, reversed by lymphalic acid

   TPA
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15
Q

Fibrinolytic side effects and contraindications

A

HAEMORRHAGE
Inc stroke risk, MI risk from emboli of thrombus.

Avoid in recent haemorrhage, trauma, peptic ulcer.

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16
Q

Statins MoA

A

Competitive inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase. Rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis.

Increase LDL receptor expression to increase clearance. Reduce inflammation. Decrease thrombosis. Reverse endothelium dysfunction. Stabilise atheromatous plaques.

17
Q

Statins uses and examples

A 
Hypercholesteraemia.
Diabetes.
Angina.
MI.
CVA/TIA.

Simvastatin

18
Q

Fibrates

A

PPAR agonists. Reducing triglyceride levels and regulating energy homeostasis.

Uses: Hypertriglyceridaemia

Benzafibrate.

Side effects
Myositis
Rhabdomyolosis renal failure
Inc. side effects alongside STATINS

19
Q

K+ channel blocker

A

Prolongs time taken for repolarisation to occur.

Prolong refractory period preventing re entrant arrhythmias

Ex. Amiodarone

20
Q

Digoxin MoA and uses

A

Blocks AVN conduction producing AV delay.

Increase ventricular irritability - BAD

Use: AF

21
Q

Digoxin side effects

A

Inc. AVN delay can cause bradycardia and heart block.

Vent irritability may produce vent arrhythmias

Nausea and vomiting

BLURRED YELLOW VISION

Has a narrow therapeutic index

22
Q

Endothelin-1-Antagonist

A

Blocks endothelin-1 which when released from endothelial cells interacts with Endothelin A receptor on vascular SM causing vasoconstriction

Uses: PULMONARY hyperT

Ex. Bosentan
Ambritensan

23
Q

Ivabradine

A

HCN channel blocker

Uses: HF

If, heart still fast after BetaB OR if asthmatic so can’t take BetaB or if BetaB side effects cannot be coped with

24
Q

Aldosterone receptor antagonist (SPIRONOLACTONE)

A

Blocks aldosterone receptor to act as potassium sparing diuretic.

Uses: moderate/ severe heart failure

Side effects: GYNAECOMASTIA(caused by inhibition of male sex hormones)

Cardio Drugs (1 decks)

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