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Cardiopulm extras > Cardio Drugs > Flashcards

Cardio Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Quinidine (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antiarrythmic
CLASS: IA
MOA: Na channel blocker. Also blocks K channels. Decreases phase 0 depolarization
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: decrease myocardial CV, excitability, and contractibility. Prolongs AP
INDICATIONS: Atrial arrhythmias, PSVT, WPW SIDE EFFECTS: Torsades de pointes, cinchonism, thrombocytopenia, anticholinergic effects

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2
Q

Procainamide (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antiarrythmic
CLASS: IA
MOA: Na channel blocker; also blocks K channels. Decreases phase 0 depolarization
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: decrease myocardial CV, excitability, and contractibility. Prolongs AP
INDICATIONS: refractory ventricular fibrillation; pulseless ventricular tachycardia
SIDE EFFECTS: SLE like symptoms

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3
Q

Lidocaine (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antiarrhythmic
CLASS: IB
MOA: Na channel blocker. Inhibits influx of Na through fast Na channels
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: Purkinje fibers - depress automaticity; higher affinity for ischemic tissue. Suppresses spontaneous depolarization in ventricles by blocking reentry
INDICATIONS: Acute treatment of ventricular arrhythmia from MI; suppress ventricular tachycardia
SIDE EFFECTS: neurotoxicity including seizures

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4
Q

Metoprolol (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antiarrhythmic
CLASS: II
MOA: β-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (β-blocker)
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: reduces HR and lessens contractility
INDICATIONS: treatment and prophylaxis of PSVT; prevent recurrent MI in pt recovering from MI; decrease myocardial O2 demand to lessen angina, HF
SIDE EFFECTS: fewer CNS effects than nonselective beta blockers, hypotension, bradycardia

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5
Q

Esmolol (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antiarrhythmic
CLASS: II
MOA: β-blocker
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: reduces HR and lessens contractibility
INDICATIONS: short-term control of sinus, tachycardia, PSVT, and ventricular rate in pt with atrial fibrillation/flutter
SIDE EFFECTS: AV block and cardiac arrest

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6
Q

Amidarone (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antiarrhythmic
CLASS: III
MOA: Blocks Na, K, and Ca channels; blocks beta-1 receptors
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: properties of all 4 classes of antiarrhythmic drugs
INDICATIONS: atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
SIDE EFFECTS: Torsades de pointes, pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis

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7
Q

Digoxin (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antiarrhythmic
CLASS: Misc.
MOA: inhibits the Na/K-ATPase
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: Increased intracellular Na followed by greater Ca influx and greater contraction
INDICATIONS: Antrial fibrillation (first-line with HF or sedation); SVT
SIDE EFFECTS: N&V, mental status change, vision color and EKG changes

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8
Q

Antenolol (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: Antihypertensive
CLASS: sympatholitic
MOA: β receptor agonist
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: decreases BP, renin release, and sympathetic outflow from the brain
INDICATIONS: decrease myocardial O2 demand to lessen angina, HF
SIDE EFFECTS: fewer CNS effects than nonselective β-blockers, hypotension, bradycardia

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9
Q

Diltiazem (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antihypertensive
CLASS: vasodilator
MOA: Ca-channel blocker
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: prevent vascular SM contraction
INDICATIONS: arrhythmia, Prinzmetal’s angina
SIDE EFFECTS: edema, constipation, flushing, and dizziness

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10
Q

Nifedipine (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antihypertensive
CLASS: vasodilator
MOA: Ca-channel blocker
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: prevent vascular SM contraction
INDICATIONS: arrhythmia, Prinzmetal’s angina
SIDE EFFECTS: edema, constipation, flushing, and dizziness

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11
Q

Sodium Nitroprusside (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antihypertensive
CLASS: vasodilator
MOA: direct action relaxing arterioles and venules via NO
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: peripheral vasodilation - lowers preload and afterload
INDICATIONS: hypertensive emergency, acute MI, aortic dissection, HF
SIDE EFFECTS: hypotension, tachycardia, cyanide toxicity

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12
Q

Losartan (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antihypertensive
CLASS: ARB
MOA: antagonizes angiotensin II receptors
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: lowers TPR, reduces plasma volume
INDICATIONS: HF and diabetic neuropathy
SIDE EFFECTS: acute renal failure; NO angioedema and coughing associated with ACE inhibitors

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13
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antihypertensive
CLASS: diuretic
MOA: inhibits Na reabsorption in distal tubules
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS: lowers plasma and ECF volume, thus decreasing workload on heart and TPR
INDICATIONS: first therapy for managing HTN; HF
SIDE EFFECTS: hypokalemia, sexual dysfunction, hyperglycemia/lipidemia

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14
Q

Fenoldopam (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: antihypertensive
CLASS: Misc.
MOA: selective D1-receptor (DA) antagonist
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: decreases TPR with increased renal blood flow
INDICATION: acute treatment for severe HTN
SIDE EFFECTS: flushing, hypotension, headache, nausea

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15
Q

Nitroglycerin (type, class, MOA, physiological effect, indications, and side effects)

A

TYPE: anti-anginal
CLASS: nitrate
MOA: activates GC which raises cGMP and lowers intracellular Ca in SM
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: increases venous capacitance; decreases arteriole resistance; redistributes blood to ischemic area
INDICATIONS: angina attack and prophylaxis, HF, HTN emergency
SIDE EFFECTS: transient dizziness, hypotension, flushing, severe headaches but tolerance occurs

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16
Q

ending for all ARBs

A

-sartan

17
Q

ending for all ACE inhibitors

A

-pril

18
Q

Statins in order of potency, physiologic effect, and side effects

A

Lovostatin, Pravastatin, Simvastatin, Fluvastatin, Atorvastatin, Resuvastatin
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: LDL lowering and modest HDL raising and triglyceride lowering effects
SIDE EFFECTS: myalgias and possible blood sugar raising, memory impairment

19
Q

PCSK9 normal function, PCSK9 inhibitors physiologic effect and side effects

A 
NORMAL F(x): binds the LDL receptor and facilitates it's degradation
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: monoclonal Ab that lowers LDL
SIDE EFFECTS: nasopharyngitis, injection site rxns, joint pains
20
Q

Fibrates physiologic effect and side effects

A

PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: HDL raising, TG lowering, modest LDL benefit
SIDE EFFECTS: myopathy, especially in combo with statins

21
Q

Niacin physiologic effect and side effects

A

PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT: LDL lowering, good HDL and TG effects

SIDE EFFECTS: flushing (most common reason for discontinuation) and hepatotoxicity

22
Q

Fibrinolytics

A

Ex: Alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase, streptokinase
MOA: converts proenzyme plasminogen to plasmin

23
Q

Heparin (UFH)

A

ancillary to fibrinolytic therapy. Used for high risk embolization Pts after STEMI

24
Q

Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)

A

Ex: enoxaparin, dalteparin, tinzaparin

alternative to UFH

25
Q

Aldosterone Blockade

A

Ex.. Spironolactone, eplerenone
add-on therapy to ACEI/ARB and β-blockers for HF
Spironolactone has estrogenic effects and can cause gynecomastia

26
Q

Hydralazine/Isosorbide Dinitrate

A

used in African American pts in combo with ACEI/ARB therapy

SIDE EFFECTS: dizziness, headache, and lupus-like syndrome at high doses

27
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

Ex. furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide
improve renal performance to remove excess salt and H2O retention
- provides symptomatic relief, but no proven mortality benefit

28
Q

Drug classes with proven mortality benefit for HF patients

A
  1. β-blockers
  2. ACEI’s or ARBs
  3. Aldosterone antagonists
  4. hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate combo
29
Q

Drug classes for symptomatic relief, but nor mortality benefit in HF patients

A
  1. Vasodilators
  2. Loop Diuretics
  3. Nitrates
  4. Digoxin
  5. Inotropes/infusion therapy

Cardiopulm extras (5 decks)

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