Cardio-de toate

Question 1

Ce sunt undele A si undele E?

Answer 1

unda A- unda de contractie atriala
unda E- unda de umplere rapida a ventriculului

Question 2

in fibrilatie atriala ce tip de unde vom avea?

Answer 2

doar unde E

Question 3

Cum calculam presiunea in artera pulmonara?

Answer 3

in inspir-colabarea peste 50% a VC

Question 4

Presiunea arteriala sistemica

Answer 4

debitul cardiac x rezistenta periferica

Question 5

HTA optima

Answer 5

<120, <80

Question 6

HTA normala

Answer 6

120-129, 80-84

Question 7

HTA normal inalta

Answer 7

130-139, 85-89

Question 8

HTA grad 1

Answer 8

140-159, 90-99

Question 9

HTA grad 2

Answer 9

160-179, 100-109

Question 10

HTA sistolica izolata

Answer 10

> 140, <90

Question 11

HTA grad 3

Answer 11

> 180, >110

Question 12

HTA primara

Answer 12

Predispozitia genetica
* Retentia renala de apa si sare
* Remodelarea vasculara
* Disfunctia endoteliala
* Hiperactivitatea SNC
* Sistemul renina-angiotensina-aldosteron
* Rezistenta la insulina, hiperinsulinemia

Question 13

HTA secundara

Answer 13

hiperaldosteronism primar, apnee
obstructiva de somn, obezitatea

Question 14

Cum creste fumatul HTA?

Answer 14

prin vasoconstrictie

Question 15

Cum creste tensiunea hipeinsulinismul?

Answer 15

prin hipertrofia vaselor

Question 16

formula presiunii ateriale

Answer 16

presiunea=debit cardiac x rezistenta vasculara

Question 17

ce face NO pe vase?

Answer 17

vasodilatatie

Question 18

ce face endotelina pe vase?

Answer 18

vasoconstrictie

Question 19

Ce este sindromul Liddle?

Answer 19

HTA monogenica mutatii canal Na sensibil la amiloride (diuretic)

Question 20

ce se intampla cu unda reflectata a undei sfigmice anterograde?

Answer 20

se intoarce inapoi la inima in sistola, nu in diastola => creste tensiunea sistolica si scade diastolica

Question 21

mecanisme vasoconstrictoare

Answer 21

Angiotensina II – enzima de conversie a
angiotensinei
* Endothelina
* Cathecolamine plasmatice
* Thromboxan

Question 22

substante vasodilatatoare

Answer 22

• Oxid nitric (NO, EDRF)
• Prostaciclina
• Bradikinina
• Acetilcolina

Question 23

acetilcolina produce vasoconstrictie sau vasodilatatie?

Answer 23

vasodilatatie

Question 24

La ce pacienti se masoara in special si tensiunea in ortostatism?

Answer 24

diabetici, varstnici, cu probleme neurologice

Question 25

cum se cheama scorul de masurare a riscului cardiovascular aterosclerotic?

Answer 25

score: varsta, sex, status de fumator, colesterol si tensiunea, >45 ani