cardio buzzwords idk Flashcards
endocarditis investigations BBUCE
blood for culture (3x3) blood for anaemia urine cXR ECG
treatment for prosthetic valve or suspected MRSA endocarditis
strep epididermis
vancomycin and rifampicin and gentamicin
treatment for S viridian’s endocarditis
penicillin G and gentamicin
bounding pulse
hepatic failure, sepsis or acute CO2 retention
jerky pulse
HOC, mitral regurgitation
pulses paradoxus
PPP and T
pericarditis and cardiac tamponade
pulses bisferiens
HOC and mixed aortic valve disease
tetralogy of fallot
VSD
overriding aorta
RV hypertrophy
pulmonary stenosis
boot shaped heart
tetralogy of fallot
egg shaped heart
transposition of great vessels
acyanotic (VAPCA)
ventricle. Septal defects (VSD) (most common), Atrial SD (more common in adults), Patent ductus arteriosus, Coarctation of aorta, Aortic stenosis
cyanotic (TTTP)
Tetraology of Fallot, Transposition of great arteries, truncus arteriosus, Pulmonary stenosis
when does fallot present
around 1-2 months
what is more common at birth - TGA or fallot
TGA
mitral stenosis (TLR)
Tapping apex, Loud S1, Rumbling mid-diastolic
louder in left lateral position on expiration
aortic stenosis (SESH)
Soft S2, Ejection systolic (aortic area, radiates to carotids and apex, crescendo-decrescendo), Slow-rising pulse, Heaving, non-displaced apex
aortic regurgitation (DES)
Displaced apex, Early diastolic, Slow rising pulse
best heart on expiration leaning forward
mitral regurgitation (DSP)
Displaced apex, Soft S1, Pansystol. radiating to axilla
louder on expiration
clinical features of aortic stenosis
exertions dyspnoea, angina and syncope
JVP - raised fixed JVP
SVC obstruction
JVP - rising on inspiration
kussmauls sign
cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis (look for pulses paradoxus)
JVP - large v waves
tricuspid regurgitation
JVP - absent a waves
atrial fibrillation
JVP - cannon a waves
complete heart block, AV dissociation, ventricular arrhythmias
JVP a wave indicates
atrial contraction
JVP c waves indicates
tricuspid valve bulging into atrium (ventricular contraction)
JVP v wave is
rise of atrial pressure during filling
S3 heard in
Constrictive pericarditis (knock) and LVF
S4 (pathological) heard in
HOCM and hypertension (stiff left ventricle)
congenital - atrial septal defect
wide, fixed split S2, ejection systolic murmur
congenital - VSD
harsh pan systolic murmur at left sternal edge
