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Internal Medicine > Cardio board correlates > Flashcards

Cardio board correlates Flashcards

1
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Sys -Dias

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2
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure

A

MAP = (2/3 of Dias) + (1/3 of sys)

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3
Q

Central venous pressure

A

CVP =~Right Atrial Pressure

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4
Q

Pressure in the vena cava

A

0 mmHg

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5
Q

Pressure in the large arteries

A
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6
Q

Pressure in systemic capillaries

A

17 mmHg

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7
Q

Pressure in pulmonary capillaries

A

7 mmHg

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8
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization

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9
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization

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10
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

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11
Q

Master pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

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12
Q

Cause of SA node depolarization

A

Calcium influx

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13
Q

Most metabolic organ

A

Brain

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14
Q

Most efficient extractor of oxygen from blood

A

Heart

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15
Q

Mobitz I

A

Prolongation of PR interval before dropped QRS complex

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16
Q

Mobitz II

A

no prolongation of PR interval

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17
Q

Inc in venous return will increase the HR

A

Bainbridge reflex

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18
Q

Inc in venous return will inc stroke volume

A

Frank-Starling mechanism

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19
Q

AV block that causes fainting d/t the initially suppressed state of the Purkinje fibers

A

Stokes-Adams syndrome

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20
Q

HPN, irreg respiration & bradycardia d/t activation of the CNS ischemic response and baroreceptor reflex in pts w/ inc ICP

A

Cushing reflex

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21
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Fall in SBP > 20 mmHg
DBP > 10 mmHg
in supine to upright w/in 3 mins

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22
Q

Resistant HPN

A

BP >140/90 despite taking >3 antiHPN agents, including a diuretic

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23
Q

Ohm’s law

A 
BP = CO x TPR
CO = HR x SV
24
Q

Failure to inc HR during exercise

A

Chronotropic incompetence

25
Q

Unstable angina

A

Angina w/ at least one of the ff:

1) Occurs w/ minimal exertion at rest, lasting >10 min
2) Severe and of new onset (w/in prior 4-6 wks)
3) Has crescendo pattern

26
Q

Abdominojugular reflux

A

Pressure on RUQ for 10s

(+): rise >3 cm in JVP for at least 15s after release

27
Q

Holosystolic murmur of tricuspid regurg becomes LOUDER during INSPIRATION and diminishes during expiration

A

Abdominojugular reflux

28
Q

Murmur of aortic stenosis is transmitted to APEX

A

Gallavardin effect

29
Q

Weak and LATE peripheral pulse in aortic stenosis

A

Pulsus parvus et TARDUS

30
Q

Occurs in mitral valve disease and sever pulmo HPN

High-pitched, diastolic, decrescendo BLOWING murmur along LEFT sternal border

A

Graham Steell murmur

31
Q

Rapidly rising “water hammer” pulse

Collapses suddenly as arterial pressure falls rapidly during late systole and diastole

A

Corrigan’s pulse

32
Q

Capillary pulsations

Alternate flushing and paling of the skin at the root of the nail while pressure is applied to the tip of the nail

A

Quincke’s pulse

33
Q

Booming “pistol-shot” spund heard over the femoral arteries

A

Traube’s sign

34
Q

To-and-fro murmur audible over the femoral artery

A

Duroziez sign

35
Q

Apical pulse is reduced and may retract in systole (constrictive pericarditis)

A

Broadbent’s sign

36
Q

Patch of dullness and inc fremitus below the left scapula d/t pericardial effusion

A

Ewart’s sign

37
Q

Rise or lack of fall of the JVP w/ inspiration d/t constrictive pericarditis

A

Kussmaul’s sign

38
Q

Fall in sys BP by >10 mmHg with inspiration assoc w/ cardiac tamponade

A

Pulsus paradoxus

39
Q

Calf pain on dorsiflexion of the foot, suggestive of DVT

A

Homan’s sign

40
Q

CRUNCHING noise synchronous w/ the heart beat in pneumomediastinum

A

Hamman’s sign

41
Q

Dx triad of WPW

A

Wide QRS complex
Short PR interval
Delta wave: slurring of initial part of the QRS complex

42
Q

Triad of chronic renal failure in ECG

A

Peaked T waves (hyperK)
Long QT d/t ST segment lengthening (HypoCa)
LVH (systemic HPN)

43
Q

Beck’s triad of cardiac tamponade

A

Hypotension
Muffled heart sounds
Distended neck veins w/ prominent x-descent but an absent y-descent

44
Q

Plaques that have cause fatal thromboses

A

Thin fibrous caps
Relatively large lipid cores
High content of macrophages

45
Q

Major determinants of myocardial O2 demand

A

HR
Myocardial contractility
Myocardial wall tension

46
Q

Triad of Buerger’s disease

A

Claudication of the affected extremity
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Migratory superficial vein thrombophlebitis

47
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

Stasis
Vascular damage
Hypercoagulability

48
Q

Class of anti-arrhythmic and MOA of the ff:
Quinidine
Procainamide
Disopyramide

A

Class IA: prolong action potential by binding to activated Na channels

49
Q

Clinical use of Class IA antiarrhythmics

A

A. fib
A. flutter
V. tach

50
Q

Class and MOA of the ff antiarrhythmics:
Lidocaine
Tocainide
Mexiletine

A

IB: shortens AP by binding to both activated and inactivated Na channels

51
Q

Clinical uses of IB anti-arrhythmics

A

Post-ischemic arrhythmia
V. fib
V. tach

52
Q

Class and MOA of the ff anti-arrhythmics:
Flecainide
Encainide
Propafenone

A

IC: no effect on AP but binds to activated Na channels

53
Q

Uses of IC anti-arrhythmics

A

Sever refractory ventricular arrhythmia

54
Q 
Class and MOA of the ff anti-arrhythmics:
Sotalol
Ibutilide
Bretylium
Amiodarone
A

III: Bind to K channels; prolongs AP

55
Q

Clinical uses of Class III anti-arrhythmics

A

Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

56
Q

Class and MOA of the ff anti-arrhythmics:
Verapamil
Diltiazem

A

IV: Blocks voltage-gated Ca channels

57
Q

Clinical uses of Class IV anti-arrhythmics

A

Supraventricular tachy

Rate reduction in pts w/ atrial fibrillation

Internal Medicine (1 decks)

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