Cardio Basics Flashcards
Heart issues due to what 3 things?
1) Automaticity
2) Excitability
3) Conductivity
Assess what first?
Fix what first?
HR and rhythm
HR
SA Node normal rate?
SA Node pacing altered by what 3 things?
60-100
1) Physiological (e.g. fever/exercise ↑ HR)
2) Pathological
3) Pharmacological
SA Node activity appears on ECG how?
No waveform -> flat line before P wave
Conduction thru Atria appears on ECG how?
P wave (atrial depol)
AV Node purpose?
Delay SA impulse so:
1) Allows time for atrial kick
2) Protects vents from rapid rates
HIs normal rate?
40-60
Purkinje normal rate?
20-40
Absolute Refractory Period is?
No electrical conduction
Happens during Systole (vent contraction)
QRS to top of T
No PVC can happen during this time
Relative Refractory Period is?
Depol can occur if strong stim
Early diastole
Downslope of T
P Wave morphology:
Tall?
Long?
Notched?
Tall = R atrial pathology
Long = L atrial path
Notched = R atrial enlargement
PR Segment formed by what?
AV jxn
QRS Complex: Q represents what?
RS represents what?
Septum depol
R and L vent depol
QRS Complex: Duration?
Appearance in Lead II?
In V1?
0.06 - 0.10
Positive
Negative
ST Seg elevation = ?
Depression = ?
Injury
Ischemia
ST Seg w/ gradual slope due to?
Sharp drop or rise due to?
a/w narrow QRS?
a/w wide QRS?
2° cause (e.g. meds)
Acute syndrome
Acute
2°
T Wave best seen in what lead?
Broad Ts from?
Lead II (max 5 mm)
CNS (neuro) bleeds, not cardiac pathology
U Wave from?
HypoK+
Best lead for rhythms?
Best lead for BBB, PVCs?
Lead II (look at P waves)
V1 (look at QRS)
Steps for dysrhythmia identification? (3)
1) Identify site of impulse origin
2) Identify rate
3) Abnormalities (shape, duration, etc)
