CARDIO APK Flashcards
1
Q
HEART LOCATION
A
MEDIASTINUM (bet. sternum to vertebral column)
2
Q
_/3 OF HEART IS DIRECTED TOWARDS _ MIDLINE
A
2/3, LEFT
3
Q
APEX DIRECTION (3)
A
ANTERIORLY, INFERIORLY, LEFT
4
Q
APEX LOCATION (RIB)
A
5TH RIB
5
Q
BASE DIRECTION (3)
A
POSTERIORLY, SUPERIORLY, RIGHT
6
Q
BASE LOCATION (RIB)
A
2ND TO 3RD RIB
7
Q
PERICARDIUM ORDER
(fibrous, visceral, parietal, serous)
A
FP (outermost, great vessels, anchors heart on mediastinum)
SP (2 layers, innermost)
PSP (adheres to FP)
VSP (epicardium, adheres to organs=heart)
8
Q
INCREASED PERICARDIAL FLUID
A
Cardiac Tamponade (cardiac arrest, poor contraction)
9
Q
DECREASED PERICARDIAL FLUID
A
Pericardial Friction Rub (Pericarditis)
10
Q
PERICARDIAL FLUID LOCATION
A
Between parietal and visceral pericardium
11
Q
PERICARDIAL FLUID NORMAL VALUE
A
50 ML
12
Q
ANTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER TERM
A
STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE
13
Q
POSTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER TERM
A
BASE SURFACE
14
Q
INFERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER TERM
A
DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE
15
Q
ANTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER COMPONENTS
A
RA, RV (MOST ANTERIOR)
16
Q
POSTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER COMPONENTS
A
RA, LA (MOST POSTERIOR)
17
Q
INFERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER COMPONENTS
A
RV, LV (FORMS APEX)
18
Q
REMNANT OF FORAMEN OVALE
A
FOSSA OVALIS
19
Q
RIDGES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBER
(Trabeculae Carnae, Papillary Muscle, Chorda Tendinae)
A
TRABECULAE TENDINAE
20
Q
Cone-shaped structure of the trabeculae carnae; attachment for Chorda Tendinae
(Trabeculae Carnae, Papillary Muscle, Chorda Tendinae)
A
PAPILLARY MUSCLE
21
Q
Tendon-like chords connected to the AV
valve cusps that prevent valve eversion
A
CHORDA TENDINAE
22
Q
AV VALVES (INLET) 2
A
TRICUSPID-R, BICUSPID-L
23
Q
SL VALVES (OUTLET) 2
A
PULMONIC-R, AORTIC-L
24
Q
HEART SOUNDS CLOSURE OF AV VALVES
A
S1
25
BEGINNING OF VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
S1
26
HEART SOUNDS DUB
S2
27
BEGINNING OF VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE
S2
28
HEART SOUNDS CHF
S3
29
RAPID FILLING OF VENTRICLES
S3
30
HEART SOUNDS MI/HYPERTENSION
S4
31
ATRIAL SYSTOLE
S4
32
SYMPATHETIC LEADS TO INCREASED OF DECREASED CONTRACTION
INCREASED
33
PARASYMPATHETIC LEADS TO INCREASED OF DECREASED CONTRACTION
DECREASED
34
SA NODE BPM
70-80 BPM
35
PRIMARY PACEMAKER
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
SA
36
INITIATES DEPOLARIZATION
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
SA
37
LOCATION OF SA NODE
RIGHT ATRIUM
38
AV NODE BPM
50-60 BPM
39
MC SITE OF HEART BLOCK
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
AV
40
JUNCTIONAL NODE
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
AV
41
BUNDLE OF HIS BPM
15-40 BPM
42
BUNDLE OF HIS LOCATION
INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
43
AV NODE LOCATION
POSTERIOR SEPTAL WALL OF RA BEHIND TRICUSPID VALVE
44
LARGEST PACEMAKER
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
PURKINJE
45
SURROUNDS 2 VENTRICLES
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
PURKINJE
46
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLY (4)
RA, RV, LV, SA NODE
47
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLY (3)
LA, RV, LV
48
MC OCCLUDED ARTERY
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY (larger = more blood passes = more deposits)
49
L ANTERIOR DESCENDING ARTERY (LaDa) SUPPLY (2)
aNTERIOR AND aPICAL WALL OF LV
50
CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY SUPPLY (2)
LATERAL AND INFERIOR WALL OF LV
51
ARRANGE THE FF FROM PHASE 0-4
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)
DEPO, INITIAL REPO, PLATEAU, REPO, RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
52
INFLUX OF NA+
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)
DEPO (+)
53
DECREASED INFLUX OF NA+, EFFLUX OF K+
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)
INITIAL REPO (-)
54
INFLUX OF CA2+
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)
PLATEAU (+)
55
DECREASED INFLUX OF CA2+, EFFLUX OF K+
REPO
56
CHARGE OF PHASE 4 CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIAL
-85 MV
57
VENTRICULAR RELAXATION
DIASTOLE
58
VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION
SYSTOLE
59
CARDIAC CYCLE
1. PERIOD OF RAPID FILLING OF VENTRCLES
_ VALVES OPEN, _ VALVES CLOSE
AV VALVES OPEN, SL VALVES CLOSE
first third of diastole – 75% of blood
▪ atria to ventricles (passively)
o middle third of diastole – continuous blood flow
o last third of diastole – 25% of blood
▪ atria to ventricles (atrial systole / atrial kick)
* S4 heart sound
60
CARDIAC CYCLE
2. PERIOD OF ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION
AV AND SL VALVES _
CLOSE
blood is in the ventricles
o increase in ventricular
pressure (ventricular systole)
61
CARDIAC CYCLE
3. PERIOD OF EJECTION
_ VALVES OPEN, _ VALVES CLOSE
AV VALVES CLOSE, SL VALVES OPEN
RV – 8 mmHg (pulmonary a.)
o LV – 80 mmHg (aorta)
o Afterload – ventricular force required to open the SL
valves
▪ RV pressure must be greater than 8 mmHg; LV must
be 80 mmHg
o First ejection – 70% of blood
(ventricles to aorta, pulmonary a.)
o Last ejection – 30% of blood
(ventricles to aorta, pulmonary a.)
62
CARDIAC CYCLE NORMAL VALUES
RV – _ mmHg (pulmonary a.)
LV – _ mmHg (aorta)
RV – 8 mmHg (pulmonary a.)
LV – 80 mmHg (aorta)
63
CARDIAC CYCLE
4. PERIOD OF ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION
AV AND SL VALVES _
CLOSE
blood is in the blood vessels
o decreased ventricular pressure
o AV gradually opens to start new
cycle
64
MATCH THE FF:
SYSTOLIC–
DIASTOLIC –
lowest arterial pressure
highest arterial pressure
80 mmHg
120 mmHg
Systolic – highest arterial pressure; 120 mmHg
Diastolic – lowest arterial pressure; 80 mmHg
65
PULSE PRESSURE EQUATION:
SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP
PP = SBP – DBP
66
STROKE VOLUME EQUATION:
SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP
EDV – ESV
67
CARDIAC OUTPUT EQUATION:
SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP
SV x HR
68
MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE EQUATION:
SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP
DBP + 1/3 of PP
69
MATCHING TYPE:
1. Pulse Pressure –
2. End Diastolic Volume –
3. End Systolic Volume –
4. Stroke Volume –
5. Cardiac Output –
6. Mean Arterial Pressure –
A. blood left after ventricular
relaxation (120 mL)
B. arterial pressure with respect to
time, average pressure of large arteries
C. blood pumped by ventricles per minute (4-
6 L)
D. blood left after ventricular
contraction (50 mL)
E. average pressure of peripheral pulse
F. blood pumped by ventricles per
contraction (70 mL)
1. E
2. A
3. D
4. F
5. C
6. B
70
MATCHING TYPE:
1. Systolic-
2. End Diastolic Volume –
3. End Systolic Volume –
4. Stroke Volume –
5. Cardiac Output –
6. Diastolic –
A. (120 mL)
B. (4-6 L)
C. 120 MMHG
D. (50 mL)
E. (70 mL)
F. 80 MMHG
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. E
5. B
6. F
71
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM MATCHING TYPE
1. P wave –
2. QRS complex –
3. T wave –
4. PR Interval –
5. QT Interval –
6. PR Segment –
7. ST Segment –
A. beginning of QRS complex to end of T wave
B. Atrial Depolarization (contraction/excitation)
C. beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
D. Ventricular Depolarization(contraction/excitation)
E. Ventricular Repolarization (relaxation)
F. end of QRS complex to beginning of T wave
G. end of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
1. P wave –
B. Atrial Depolarization (contraction/excitation)
2. QRS complex –
D. Ventricular Depolarization (contraction/excitation)
3. T wave –
E. Ventricular Repolarization (relaxation)
4. PR Interval –
C. beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
5. QT Interval –
A. beginning of QRS complex to end of T wave
6. PR Segment –
G. end of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
7. ST Segment –
F. end of QRS complex to beginning of T wave
72
ECG CONDITONS MATCHING TYPE:
1. Prolonged PR interval →
2. Wide, bizarre, odd QRS complex →
3. ST segment elevation →
4. ST segment depression →
A. myocardial infarction (loss of blood supply d/t blockage in vessel; worse)
B. premature ventricular contraction
C. myocardial ischemia (reduced blood supply)
D. heart block (MC site of heart block is _ node)
1. D: Prolonged PR interval → heart block (MC site of heart block is AV node)
excitation from SA node is not passed to the Bundle of
His d/t AV node
2. B: Wide, bizarre, odd QRS complex → premature ventricular
contraction
o skipping of a heartbeat
o 7 PVCs is still normal
3. A: ST segment elevation → myocardial infarction
o loss of blood supply d/t blockage in vessel; worse
4. C: ST segment depression → myocardial ischemia
o reduced blood supply
73
ASCULTATION OF VALVES
* AORTIC
* PULMONARY
* MITRAL
* TRICUSPID
A. 2nd Right Intercostal Space at the sternal border
B. 4th Left ICS SB
C. 5th Left midclavicular line
D. 2nd Left ICS SB
APARTMENT 254
* A – A. 2nd Right Intercostal Space at the sternal border
* P – D. 2nd Left ICS SB
* M – C. 5th Left midclavicular line
* T – B. 4th Left ICS SB
74
LOCATION OF VALVES
* A – 3rd Left ICS
* P – 3rd Left CC
* M – 4th Left CC
* T – 4th Right ICS
3rd Left ICS
4th Right ICS
3rd Left CC
4th Left CC
* A – 3rd Left ICS
* P – 3rd Left CC
* M – 4th Left CC
* T – 4th Right ICS
