CARDIO APK Flashcards
HEART LOCATION
MEDIASTINUM (bet. sternum to vertebral column)
_/3 OF HEART IS DIRECTED TOWARDS _ MIDLINE
2/3, LEFT
APEX DIRECTION (3)
ANTERIORLY, INFERIORLY, LEFT
APEX LOCATION (RIB)
5TH RIB
BASE DIRECTION (3)
POSTERIORLY, SUPERIORLY, RIGHT
BASE LOCATION (RIB)
2ND TO 3RD RIB
PERICARDIUM ORDER
(fibrous, visceral, parietal, serous)
FP (outermost, great vessels, anchors heart on mediastinum)
SP (2 layers, innermost)
PSP (adheres to FP)
VSP (epicardium, adheres to organs=heart)
INCREASED PERICARDIAL FLUID
Cardiac Tamponade (cardiac arrest, poor contraction)
DECREASED PERICARDIAL FLUID
Pericardial Friction Rub (Pericarditis)
PERICARDIAL FLUID LOCATION
Between parietal and visceral pericardium
PERICARDIAL FLUID NORMAL VALUE
50 ML
ANTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER TERM
STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE
POSTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER TERM
BASE SURFACE
INFERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER TERM
DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE
ANTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER COMPONENTS
RA, RV (MOST ANTERIOR)
POSTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER COMPONENTS
RA, LA (MOST POSTERIOR)
INFERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER COMPONENTS
RV, LV (FORMS APEX)
REMNANT OF FORAMEN OVALE
FOSSA OVALIS
RIDGES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBER
(Trabeculae Carnae, Papillary Muscle, Chorda Tendinae)
TRABECULAE TENDINAE
Cone-shaped structure of the trabeculae carnae; attachment for Chorda Tendinae
(Trabeculae Carnae, Papillary Muscle, Chorda Tendinae)
PAPILLARY MUSCLE
Tendon-like chords connected to the AV
valve cusps that prevent valve eversion
CHORDA TENDINAE
AV VALVES (INLET) 2
TRICUSPID-R, BICUSPID-L
SL VALVES (OUTLET) 2
PULMONIC-R, AORTIC-L
HEART SOUNDS CLOSURE OF AV VALVES
S1
BEGINNING OF VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
S1
HEART SOUNDS DUB
S2
BEGINNING OF VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE
S2
HEART SOUNDS CHF
S3
RAPID FILLING OF VENTRICLES
S3
HEART SOUNDS MI/HYPERTENSION
S4
ATRIAL SYSTOLE
S4
SYMPATHETIC LEADS TO INCREASED OF DECREASED CONTRACTION
INCREASED
PARASYMPATHETIC LEADS TO INCREASED OF DECREASED CONTRACTION
DECREASED
SA NODE BPM
70-80 BPM
PRIMARY PACEMAKER
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
SA
INITIATES DEPOLARIZATION
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
SA
LOCATION OF SA NODE
RIGHT ATRIUM
AV NODE BPM
50-60 BPM
MC SITE OF HEART BLOCK
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
AV
JUNCTIONAL NODE
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
AV
BUNDLE OF HIS BPM
15-40 BPM
BUNDLE OF HIS LOCATION
INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
AV NODE LOCATION
POSTERIOR SEPTAL WALL OF RA BEHIND TRICUSPID VALVE
LARGEST PACEMAKER
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
PURKINJE
SURROUNDS 2 VENTRICLES
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)
PURKINJE
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLY (4)
RA, RV, LV, SA NODE
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLY (3)
LA, RV, LV
MC OCCLUDED ARTERY
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY (larger = more blood passes = more deposits)
L ANTERIOR DESCENDING ARTERY (LaDa) SUPPLY (2)
aNTERIOR AND aPICAL WALL OF LV
CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY SUPPLY (2)
LATERAL AND INFERIOR WALL OF LV
ARRANGE THE FF FROM PHASE 0-4
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)
DEPO, INITIAL REPO, PLATEAU, REPO, RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
INFLUX OF NA+
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)
DEPO (+)
DECREASED INFLUX OF NA+, EFFLUX OF K+
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)
INITIAL REPO (-)
INFLUX OF CA2+
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)
PLATEAU (+)
DECREASED INFLUX OF CA2+, EFFLUX OF K+
REPO
CHARGE OF PHASE 4 CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIAL
-85 MV
VENTRICULAR RELAXATION
DIASTOLE
VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION
SYSTOLE
CARDIAC CYCLE
1. PERIOD OF RAPID FILLING OF VENTRCLES
_ VALVES OPEN, _ VALVES CLOSE
AV VALVES OPEN, SL VALVES CLOSE
first third of diastole – 75% of blood
▪ atria to ventricles (passively)
o middle third of diastole – continuous blood flow
o last third of diastole – 25% of blood
▪ atria to ventricles (atrial systole / atrial kick)
* S4 heart sound
CARDIAC CYCLE
2. PERIOD OF ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION
AV AND SL VALVES _
CLOSE
blood is in the ventricles
o increase in ventricular
pressure (ventricular systole)
CARDIAC CYCLE
3. PERIOD OF EJECTION
_ VALVES OPEN, _ VALVES CLOSE
AV VALVES CLOSE, SL VALVES OPEN
RV – 8 mmHg (pulmonary a.)
o LV – 80 mmHg (aorta)
o Afterload – ventricular force required to open the SL
valves
▪ RV pressure must be greater than 8 mmHg; LV must
be 80 mmHg
o First ejection – 70% of blood
(ventricles to aorta, pulmonary a.)
o Last ejection – 30% of blood
(ventricles to aorta, pulmonary a.)
CARDIAC CYCLE NORMAL VALUES
RV – _ mmHg (pulmonary a.)
LV – _ mmHg (aorta)
RV – 8 mmHg (pulmonary a.)
LV – 80 mmHg (aorta)
CARDIAC CYCLE
4. PERIOD OF ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION
AV AND SL VALVES _
CLOSE
blood is in the blood vessels
o decreased ventricular pressure
o AV gradually opens to start new
cycle
MATCH THE FF:
SYSTOLIC–
DIASTOLIC –
lowest arterial pressure
highest arterial pressure
80 mmHg
120 mmHg
Systolic – highest arterial pressure; 120 mmHg
Diastolic – lowest arterial pressure; 80 mmHg
PULSE PRESSURE EQUATION:
SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP
PP = SBP – DBP
STROKE VOLUME EQUATION:
SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP
EDV – ESV
CARDIAC OUTPUT EQUATION:
SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP
SV x HR
MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE EQUATION:
SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP
DBP + 1/3 of PP
MATCHING TYPE:
1. Pulse Pressure –
2. End Diastolic Volume –
3. End Systolic Volume –
4. Stroke Volume –
5. Cardiac Output –
6. Mean Arterial Pressure –
A. blood left after ventricular
relaxation (120 mL)
B. arterial pressure with respect to
time, average pressure of large arteries
C. blood pumped by ventricles per minute (4-
6 L)
D. blood left after ventricular
contraction (50 mL)
E. average pressure of peripheral pulse
F. blood pumped by ventricles per
contraction (70 mL)
- E
- A
- D
- F
- C
- B
MATCHING TYPE:
1. Systolic-
2. End Diastolic Volume –
3. End Systolic Volume –
4. Stroke Volume –
5. Cardiac Output –
6. Diastolic –
A. (120 mL)
B. (4-6 L)
C. 120 MMHG
D. (50 mL)
E. (70 mL)
F. 80 MMHG
- C
- A
- D
- E
- B
- F
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM MATCHING TYPE
1. P wave –
2. QRS complex –
3. T wave –
4. PR Interval –
5. QT Interval –
6. PR Segment –
7. ST Segment –
A. beginning of QRS complex to end of T wave
B. Atrial Depolarization (contraction/excitation)
C. beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
D. Ventricular Depolarization(contraction/excitation)
E. Ventricular Repolarization (relaxation)
F. end of QRS complex to beginning of T wave
G. end of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
- P wave –
B. Atrial Depolarization (contraction/excitation) - QRS complex –
D. Ventricular Depolarization (contraction/excitation) - T wave –
E. Ventricular Repolarization (relaxation) - PR Interval –
C. beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex - QT Interval –
A. beginning of QRS complex to end of T wave - PR Segment –
G. end of P wave to beginning of QRS complex - ST Segment –
F. end of QRS complex to beginning of T wave
ECG CONDITONS MATCHING TYPE:
1. Prolonged PR interval →
2. Wide, bizarre, odd QRS complex →
3. ST segment elevation →
4. ST segment depression →
A. myocardial infarction (loss of blood supply d/t blockage in vessel; worse)
B. premature ventricular contraction
C. myocardial ischemia (reduced blood supply)
D. heart block (MC site of heart block is _ node)
- D: Prolonged PR interval → heart block (MC site of heart block is AV node)
excitation from SA node is not passed to the Bundle of
His d/t AV node - B: Wide, bizarre, odd QRS complex → premature ventricular
contraction
o skipping of a heartbeat
o 7 PVCs is still normal - A: ST segment elevation → myocardial infarction
o loss of blood supply d/t blockage in vessel; worse - C: ST segment depression → myocardial ischemia
o reduced blood supply
ASCULTATION OF VALVES
* AORTIC
* PULMONARY
* MITRAL
* TRICUSPID
A. 2nd Right Intercostal Space at the sternal border
B. 4th Left ICS SB
C. 5th Left midclavicular line
D. 2nd Left ICS SB
APARTMENT 254
* A – A. 2nd Right Intercostal Space at the sternal border
* P – D. 2nd Left ICS SB
* M – C. 5th Left midclavicular line
* T – B. 4th Left ICS SB
LOCATION OF VALVES
* A – 3rd Left ICS
* P – 3rd Left CC
* M – 4th Left CC
* T – 4th Right ICS
3rd Left ICS
4th Right ICS
3rd Left CC
4th Left CC
- A – 3rd Left ICS
- P – 3rd Left CC
- M – 4th Left CC
- T – 4th Right ICS
