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CARDIO APK Flashcards

1
Q

HEART LOCATION

A

MEDIASTINUM (bet. sternum to vertebral column)

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2
Q

_/3 OF HEART IS DIRECTED TOWARDS _ MIDLINE

A

2/3, LEFT

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3
Q

APEX DIRECTION (3)

A

ANTERIORLY, INFERIORLY, LEFT

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4
Q

APEX LOCATION (RIB)

A

5TH RIB

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5
Q

BASE DIRECTION (3)

A

POSTERIORLY, SUPERIORLY, RIGHT

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6
Q

BASE LOCATION (RIB)

A

2ND TO 3RD RIB

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7
Q

PERICARDIUM ORDER
(fibrous, visceral, parietal, serous)

A

FP (outermost, great vessels, anchors heart on mediastinum)
SP (2 layers, innermost)
PSP (adheres to FP)
VSP (epicardium, adheres to organs=heart)

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8
Q

INCREASED PERICARDIAL FLUID

A

Cardiac Tamponade (cardiac arrest, poor contraction)

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9
Q

DECREASED PERICARDIAL FLUID

A

Pericardial Friction Rub (Pericarditis)

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10
Q

PERICARDIAL FLUID LOCATION

A

Between parietal and visceral pericardium

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11
Q

PERICARDIAL FLUID NORMAL VALUE

A

50 ML

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12
Q

ANTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER TERM

A

STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE

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13
Q

POSTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER TERM

A

BASE SURFACE

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14
Q

INFERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER TERM

A

DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE

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15
Q

ANTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER COMPONENTS

A

RA, RV (MOST ANTERIOR)

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16
Q

POSTERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER COMPONENTS

A

RA, LA (MOST POSTERIOR)

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17
Q

INFERIOR SURFACE OF HEART
OTHER COMPONENTS

A

RV, LV (FORMS APEX)

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18
Q

REMNANT OF FORAMEN OVALE

A

FOSSA OVALIS

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19
Q

RIDGES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBER
(Trabeculae Carnae, Papillary Muscle, Chorda Tendinae)

A

TRABECULAE TENDINAE

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20
Q

Cone-shaped structure of the trabeculae carnae; attachment for Chorda Tendinae
(Trabeculae Carnae, Papillary Muscle, Chorda Tendinae)

A

PAPILLARY MUSCLE

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21
Q

Tendon-like chords connected to the AV
valve cusps that prevent valve eversion

A

CHORDA TENDINAE

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22
Q

AV VALVES (INLET) 2

A

TRICUSPID-R, BICUSPID-L

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23
Q

SL VALVES (OUTLET) 2

A

PULMONIC-R, AORTIC-L

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24
Q

HEART SOUNDS CLOSURE OF AV VALVES

A

S1

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25
Q

BEGINNING OF VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE

A

S1

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26
Q

HEART SOUNDS DUB

A

S2

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27
Q

BEGINNING OF VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE

A

S2

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28
Q

HEART SOUNDS CHF

A

S3

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29
Q

RAPID FILLING OF VENTRICLES

A

S3

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30
Q

HEART SOUNDS MI/HYPERTENSION

A

S4

31
Q

ATRIAL SYSTOLE

A

S4

32
Q

SYMPATHETIC LEADS TO INCREASED OF DECREASED CONTRACTION

A

INCREASED

33
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC LEADS TO INCREASED OF DECREASED CONTRACTION

A

DECREASED

34
Q

SA NODE BPM

A

70-80 BPM

35
Q

PRIMARY PACEMAKER
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)

A

SA

36
Q

INITIATES DEPOLARIZATION
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)

A

SA

37
Q

LOCATION OF SA NODE

A

RIGHT ATRIUM

38
Q

AV NODE BPM

A

50-60 BPM

39
Q

MC SITE OF HEART BLOCK
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)

A

AV

40
Q

JUNCTIONAL NODE
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)

A

AV

41
Q

BUNDLE OF HIS BPM

A

15-40 BPM

42
Q

BUNDLE OF HIS LOCATION

A

INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM

43
Q

AV NODE LOCATION

A

POSTERIOR SEPTAL WALL OF RA BEHIND TRICUSPID VALVE

44
Q

LARGEST PACEMAKER
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)

A

PURKINJE

45
Q

SURROUNDS 2 VENTRICLES
(SA, AV, BUNDLE, PURKINJE)

A

PURKINJE

46
Q

RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLY (4)

A

RA, RV, LV, SA NODE

47
Q

LEFT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLY (3)

A

LA, RV, LV

48
Q

MC OCCLUDED ARTERY

A

LEFT CORONARY ARTERY (larger = more blood passes = more deposits)

49
Q

L ANTERIOR DESCENDING ARTERY (LaDa) SUPPLY (2)

A

aNTERIOR AND aPICAL WALL OF LV

50
Q

CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY SUPPLY (2)

A

LATERAL AND INFERIOR WALL OF LV

51
Q

ARRANGE THE FF FROM PHASE 0-4
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)

A

DEPO, INITIAL REPO, PLATEAU, REPO, RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

52
Q

INFLUX OF NA+
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)

A

DEPO (+)

53
Q

DECREASED INFLUX OF NA+, EFFLUX OF K+
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)

A

INITIAL REPO (-)

54
Q

INFLUX OF CA2+
(RMP, PLATEAU, INITIAL REPO, REPO, DEPO)

A

PLATEAU (+)

55
Q

DECREASED INFLUX OF CA2+, EFFLUX OF K+

A

REPO

56
Q

CHARGE OF PHASE 4 CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIAL

A

-85 MV

57
Q

VENTRICULAR RELAXATION

A

DIASTOLE

58
Q

VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION

A

SYSTOLE

59
Q

CARDIAC CYCLE
1. PERIOD OF RAPID FILLING OF VENTRCLES
_ VALVES OPEN, _ VALVES CLOSE

A

AV VALVES OPEN, SL VALVES CLOSE
first third of diastole – 75% of blood
▪ atria to ventricles (passively)
o middle third of diastole – continuous blood flow
o last third of diastole – 25% of blood
▪ atria to ventricles (atrial systole / atrial kick)
* S4 heart sound

60
Q

CARDIAC CYCLE
2. PERIOD OF ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION
AV AND SL VALVES _

A

CLOSE
blood is in the ventricles
o increase in ventricular
pressure (ventricular systole)

61
Q

CARDIAC CYCLE
3. PERIOD OF EJECTION
_ VALVES OPEN, _ VALVES CLOSE

A

AV VALVES CLOSE, SL VALVES OPEN
RV – 8 mmHg (pulmonary a.)
o LV – 80 mmHg (aorta)
o Afterload – ventricular force required to open the SL
valves
▪ RV pressure must be greater than 8 mmHg; LV must
be 80 mmHg
o First ejection – 70% of blood
(ventricles to aorta, pulmonary a.)
o Last ejection – 30% of blood
(ventricles to aorta, pulmonary a.)

62
Q

CARDIAC CYCLE NORMAL VALUES
RV – _ mmHg (pulmonary a.)
LV – _ mmHg (aorta)

A

RV – 8 mmHg (pulmonary a.)
LV – 80 mmHg (aorta)

63
Q

CARDIAC CYCLE
4. PERIOD OF ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION
AV AND SL VALVES _

A

CLOSE
blood is in the blood vessels
o decreased ventricular pressure
o AV gradually opens to start new
cycle

64
Q

MATCH THE FF:
SYSTOLIC–
DIASTOLIC –

lowest arterial pressure
highest arterial pressure
80 mmHg
120 mmHg

A

Systolic – highest arterial pressure; 120 mmHg
Diastolic – lowest arterial pressure; 80 mmHg

65
Q

PULSE PRESSURE EQUATION:

SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP

A

PP = SBP – DBP

66
Q

STROKE VOLUME EQUATION:

SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP

A

EDV – ESV

67
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT EQUATION:

SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP

A

SV x HR

68
Q

MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE EQUATION:

SBP – DBP
EDV – ESV
SV x HR
DBP + 1/3 of PP

A

DBP + 1/3 of PP

69
Q

MATCHING TYPE:
1. Pulse Pressure –
2. End Diastolic Volume –
3. End Systolic Volume –
4. Stroke Volume –
5. Cardiac Output –
6. Mean Arterial Pressure –

A. blood left after ventricular
relaxation (120 mL)
B. arterial pressure with respect to
time, average pressure of large arteries
C. blood pumped by ventricles per minute (4-
6 L)
D. blood left after ventricular
contraction (50 mL)
E. average pressure of peripheral pulse
F. blood pumped by ventricles per
contraction (70 mL)

A
  1. E
  2. A
  3. D
  4. F
  5. C
  6. B
70
Q

MATCHING TYPE:
1. Systolic-
2. End Diastolic Volume –
3. End Systolic Volume –
4. Stroke Volume –
5. Cardiac Output –
6. Diastolic –

A. (120 mL)
B. (4-6 L)
C. 120 MMHG
D. (50 mL)
E. (70 mL)
F. 80 MMHG

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. D
  4. E
  5. B
  6. F
71
Q

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM MATCHING TYPE
1. P wave –
2. QRS complex –
3. T wave –
4. PR Interval –
5. QT Interval –
6. PR Segment –
7. ST Segment –

A. beginning of QRS complex to end of T wave
B. Atrial Depolarization (contraction/excitation)
C. beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
D. Ventricular Depolarization(contraction/excitation)
E. Ventricular Repolarization (relaxation)
F. end of QRS complex to beginning of T wave
G. end of P wave to beginning of QRS complex

A
  1. P wave –
    B. Atrial Depolarization (contraction/excitation)
  2. QRS complex –
    D. Ventricular Depolarization (contraction/excitation)
  3. T wave –
    E. Ventricular Repolarization (relaxation)
  4. PR Interval –
    C. beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
  5. QT Interval –
    A. beginning of QRS complex to end of T wave
  6. PR Segment –
    G. end of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
  7. ST Segment –
    F. end of QRS complex to beginning of T wave
72
Q

ECG CONDITONS MATCHING TYPE:
1. Prolonged PR interval →
2. Wide, bizarre, odd QRS complex →
3. ST segment elevation →
4. ST segment depression →

A. myocardial infarction (loss of blood supply d/t blockage in vessel; worse)
B. premature ventricular contraction
C. myocardial ischemia (reduced blood supply)
D. heart block (MC site of heart block is _ node)

A
  1. D: Prolonged PR interval → heart block (MC site of heart block is AV node)
    excitation from SA node is not passed to the Bundle of
    His d/t AV node
  2. B: Wide, bizarre, odd QRS complex → premature ventricular
    contraction
    o skipping of a heartbeat
    o 7 PVCs is still normal
  3. A: ST segment elevation → myocardial infarction
    o loss of blood supply d/t blockage in vessel; worse
  4. C: ST segment depression → myocardial ischemia
    o reduced blood supply
73
Q

ASCULTATION OF VALVES
* AORTIC
* PULMONARY
* MITRAL
* TRICUSPID

A. 2nd Right Intercostal Space at the sternal border
B. 4th Left ICS SB
C. 5th Left midclavicular line
D. 2nd Left ICS SB

A

APARTMENT 254
* A – A. 2nd Right Intercostal Space at the sternal border
* P – D. 2nd Left ICS SB
* M – C. 5th Left midclavicular line
* T – B. 4th Left ICS SB

74
Q

LOCATION OF VALVES
* A – 3rd Left ICS
* P – 3rd Left CC
* M – 4th Left CC
* T – 4th Right ICS

3rd Left ICS
4th Right ICS
3rd Left CC
4th Left CC

A
  • A – 3rd Left ICS
  • P – 3rd Left CC
  • M – 4th Left CC
  • T – 4th Right ICS

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