cardio and respiratory age related changes

Question 1

resp:

stature decreases resulting in a loss of approximately ___ in of height by 80 years

Answer 1

2

Question 2

______ fluid is decreased resulting in less total body fluid

Answer 2

-intracellular

Question 3

connective tissue changes cause relaxation of tissue at lower edge of ____ causing the tip of the nose to ____ _____

Answer 3

• septum

- rotate downward

Question 4

_____-_____ ____ diameter increases often demonstrated by kyphosis

Answer 4

anterior-posterior chest

Question 5

anterior-posterior chest diameter increases often demonstrated by ______

Answer 5

kyphosis

Question 6

thoracic _____ and ______ muscles are weaker

Answer 6

• inspiratory

- expiratory

Question 7

resp:

hypertrophy of _____ ____ gland

Answer 7

bronchial mucus

Question 8

____ number reduced in lungs

Answer 8

cilia

Question 9

progressive loss of elasticity begins by the ____ decade of life

Answer 9

6th

Question 10

respiratory changes cause:

insufficient ____ _____

Answer 10

basilar inflation

Question 11

respiratory changes cause:

less lung _____

Answer 11

expansion

Question 12

respiratory changes cause:

increased ____ volume and reduced ___ _____

Answer 12

• residual

- vital capacity

Question 13

less ____ ____ and lack of ____ inflation puts older adults at higher risk for developing respiratory infections

Answer 13

• gas exchange

- basilar

Question 14

_____ training can produce a significant increase in lung capacity of older adults

Answer 14

endurance

Question 15

by 90 years there is approximately a ___% increase in residual capacity

Answer 15

50

Question 16

cardio:

slight ___ ____ hypertrophy w age

Answer 16

left ventricular

Question 17

cardio:

aorta becomes ____ and _____

Answer 17

• dilated

- elongated

Question 18

AV valves become thick and rigid as a result of _____ and _____

Answer 18

• sclerosis

- fibrosis

Question 19

AV valves become ___ and _____

Answer 19

• thick

- rigid

Question 20

extra _____ (systolic/diastolic) sinus ____ and sinus _____ can occur in relation to irritability of the myocardium

Answer 20

• systolic sinus bradycardia

- sinus arrhythmia

Question 21

heart muscle loses efficiency and _____ ____ resulting in reduced ____ ____ under conditions of physiological stress

Answer 21

• contractile strength

- cardiac output

Question 22

cardio:

____ cells become increasingly irregular and ___ in number

Answer 22

• pacemaker

- decrease

Question 23

shell surrounding _____ node thickens

Answer 23

sinus

Question 24

shell surrounding sinus node ___

Answer 24

thickens

Question 25

____ contraction phase and relaxation time of ____ ventricle are prolonged

Answer 25

• isometric

- left

Question 26

the isometric contraction phase and relaxation time of left ventricle are _____

Answer 26

prolonged

Question 27

the cycle of _____ filling and _____ emptying requires more time to be completed

Answer 27

• diastolic

- systolic

Question 28

more prominent arteries in ____, _____, and _____

Answer 28

• head
• neck
• extremities

Question 29

resistance to _____ blood flow increase by ____% per year

Answer 29

• peripheral

- 1%

Question 30

blood pressure _______ (increases/decreases) to compensate for increased _____ resistance and decreased ____ _____

Answer 30

• increases
• peripheral
• cardiac output

Question 31

stroke volume _____ by __% per year

Answer 31

decreases

Question 32

heart pigmented with _____ granules

Answer 32

lipofuscin

Question 33

T/F. diastolic filling and systolic emptying decrease with age

Answer 33

FALSE:

they do not decrease with age, they just take more time to be completed

Question 34

incomplete ______ _____ can result in systolic and diastolic murmurs in older adults

Answer 34

-valve closure

Question 35

incomplete valve closure can result in ____ and _____ ____ in older adults

Answer 35

systolic and diastolic murmurs

Question 36

_____ in older adults will last for a longer time

Answer 36

tachycardia

Question 37

_____ hr is unchanged

Answer 37

resting

Question 38

bp can remain stable as ____ progresses to heart failure in older adults

Answer 38

-tachycardia

Question 39

____ ____ can remain stable as tachycardia progresses to heart failure in older adults

Answer 39

-blood pressure

Question 40

age related cardio changes are most apparent when _____ ____ are placed on the heart

Answer 40

-unusual demands

Question 41

blood vessel changes:

___ ____ experiences most direct changes

Answer 41

-tunica intima

Question 42

tunica intima is the ______-most layer of blood vessels

Answer 42

inner

Question 43

tunica intima changes with aging:

• _____
• ____and ____ accumulation
• cellular ______

Answer 43

• fibrosis
• calcium and lipid accumulation
• cellular proliferation

Question 44

tunica intima changes contribute to the development of _____

Answer 44

atherosclerosis

Question 45

tunica media undergoes ____ and _____ of elastin fibers

Answer 45

• thinning

- calcification

Question 46

increase in _____ in tunica media

Answer 46

-collagen

Question 47

tunica media:

impaired _____ function and increased _____ resistance occur

Answer 47

• baroreceptor

- peripheral

Question 48

tunica media:

impaired baroreceptor function and increased peripheral resistance can lead to rise in ____ bp

Answer 48

systolic

Question 49

outermost layer of blood vessels, tunica ______ is not affected by the aging process

Answer 49

-adventitia

Question 50

reduced sensitivity of bp regulating baroreceptors increases problems with _____ and _____ hypotension

Answer 50

• postural

- postprandial

Question 51

the reduced elasticity of the _____ and thinner skin and less _______ fat causes the vessels in the head, neck, and extremities to become more prominent

Answer 51

• vessels

- subcutaneous