cardio and respiratory age related changes Flashcards
resp:
stature decreases resulting in a loss of approximately ___ in of height by 80 years
2
______ fluid is decreased resulting in less total body fluid
-intracellular
connective tissue changes cause relaxation of tissue at lower edge of ____ causing the tip of the nose to ____ _____
- septum
- rotate downward
_____-_____ ____ diameter increases often demonstrated by kyphosis
anterior-posterior chest
anterior-posterior chest diameter increases often demonstrated by ______
kyphosis
thoracic _____ and ______ muscles are weaker
- inspiratory
- expiratory
resp:
hypertrophy of _____ ____ gland
bronchial mucus
____ number reduced in lungs
cilia
progressive loss of elasticity begins by the ____ decade of life
6th
respiratory changes cause:
insufficient ____ _____
basilar inflation
respiratory changes cause:
less lung _____
expansion
respiratory changes cause:
increased ____ volume and reduced ___ _____
- residual
- vital capacity
less ____ ____ and lack of ____ inflation puts older adults at higher risk for developing respiratory infections
- gas exchange
- basilar
_____ training can produce a significant increase in lung capacity of older adults
endurance
by 90 years there is approximately a ___% increase in residual capacity
50
cardio:
slight ___ ____ hypertrophy w age
left ventricular
cardio:
aorta becomes ____ and _____
- dilated
- elongated
AV valves become thick and rigid as a result of _____ and _____
- sclerosis
- fibrosis
AV valves become ___ and _____
- thick
- rigid
extra _____ (systolic/diastolic) sinus ____ and sinus _____ can occur in relation to irritability of the myocardium
- systolic sinus bradycardia
- sinus arrhythmia
heart muscle loses efficiency and _____ ____ resulting in reduced ____ ____ under conditions of physiological stress
- contractile strength
- cardiac output
cardio:
____ cells become increasingly irregular and ___ in number
- pacemaker
- decrease
shell surrounding _____ node thickens
sinus
shell surrounding sinus node ___
thickens
____ contraction phase and relaxation time of ____ ventricle are prolonged
- isometric
- left
the isometric contraction phase and relaxation time of left ventricle are _____
prolonged
the cycle of _____ filling and _____ emptying requires more time to be completed
- diastolic
- systolic
more prominent arteries in ____, _____, and _____
- head
- neck
- extremities
resistance to _____ blood flow increase by ____% per year
- peripheral
- 1%
blood pressure _______ (increases/decreases) to compensate for increased _____ resistance and decreased ____ _____
- increases
- peripheral
- cardiac output
stroke volume _____ by __% per year
decreases
heart pigmented with _____ granules
lipofuscin
T/F. diastolic filling and systolic emptying decrease with age
FALSE:
they do not decrease with age, they just take more time to be completed
incomplete ______ _____ can result in systolic and diastolic murmurs in older adults
-valve closure
incomplete valve closure can result in ____ and _____ ____ in older adults
systolic and diastolic murmurs
_____ in older adults will last for a longer time
tachycardia
_____ hr is unchanged
resting
bp can remain stable as ____ progresses to heart failure in older adults
-tachycardia
____ ____ can remain stable as tachycardia progresses to heart failure in older adults
-blood pressure
age related cardio changes are most apparent when _____ ____ are placed on the heart
-unusual demands
blood vessel changes:
___ ____ experiences most direct changes
-tunica intima
tunica intima is the ______-most layer of blood vessels
inner
tunica intima changes with aging:
- _____
- ____and ____ accumulation
- cellular ______
- fibrosis
- calcium and lipid accumulation
- cellular proliferation
tunica intima changes contribute to the development of _____
atherosclerosis
tunica media undergoes ____ and _____ of elastin fibers
- thinning
- calcification
increase in _____ in tunica media
-collagen
tunica media:
impaired _____ function and increased _____ resistance occur
- baroreceptor
- peripheral
tunica media:
impaired baroreceptor function and increased peripheral resistance can lead to rise in ____ bp
systolic
outermost layer of blood vessels, tunica ______ is not affected by the aging process
-adventitia
reduced sensitivity of bp regulating baroreceptors increases problems with _____ and _____ hypotension
- postural
- postprandial
the reduced elasticity of the _____ and thinner skin and less _______ fat causes the vessels in the head, neck, and extremities to become more prominent
- vessels
- subcutaneous
