CARDIO ANATOMY

Question 1

the base of the heart is formed by?

Answer 1

the atria (upper chambers of the heart)

Question 2

what surrounds the heart, which protects and holds the heart in place?

Answer 2

pericardium

Question 3

what are the two parts of the pericardium?

Answer 3

• fibrous pericardium

- serious pericardium

Question 4

pericardium functions to protect the heart by?

Answer 4

anchoring in place

prevent from over stretching

Question 5

what are the 3 layers of the heart

Answer 5

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 6

what layer of the heart forms two separate networks via the gap junction and intercalated disks: atrial and ventricular

Answer 6

myocardium

Question 7

what lines the myocardium and covers the valves?

Answer 7

endocardium

Question 8

what are the 4 chambers of the heart

Answer 8

2 atria

2 chambers

Question 9

why is the atria thinner than the ventricles

Answer 9

they empty their contents into the ventricles

Question 10

why are the ventricles thicker than the atrias

Answer 10

because they have to move blood out of the heart

Question 11

what prevents valve cusp from pushing up into the atria when ventricles contract?

Answer 11

chordae tendineae

Question 12

waht drains deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower body into the right atrium?

Answer 12

superior vena cava

inferior vena cava

Question 13

blood is pumped from the R ventricle into the pulmonary trunk which then branches into the pulmonary arteries that then carry this deoxygenated blood into the lungs to be oxygenated

Answer 13

pulmonary trunk and pulmonary artery

Question 14

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs and transports it to the left atrium

Answer 14

pulmonary veins

Question 15

what carries oxygenated blood to the entire body from the left ventricle?

Answer 15

aorta

Question 16

how does deoxygenated blood flow through the heart?

Answer 16

enters the heart via SVC and IVC or coronary sinus, drains into R atrium, empties into R ventricle, pumped through the lungs via the pulmonary trunk and left and right pulmonary arteries to be oxygenated

Question 17

blood flow through the myocardium is known as?

Answer 17

coronary circulation

Question 18

what are the two principle coronary vessels?

Answer 18

R coronary artery

L coronary artery

Question 19

describe the electrical sructure of the heart

Answer 19

begins at the SA node
then conducted through the AV node,
AV bundle branches (bundle of HIS)
right and left bundle branches
Purkinje fibers

Question 20

what is the P wave

Answer 20

atrial depolarization (SA node)

Question 21

QRS complex

Answer 21

ventricular depolarization

Question 22

T wave

Answer 22

ventricular repolarization

Question 23

what are the 3 phases in a cardiac cycle?

Answer 23

relaxation period
atrial systole
ventricular systole

Question 24

approximately _______of blood is ejected into the systemic circulation per ventricular contraction

Answer 24

70ml

Question 25

what is cardiac output

Answer 25

amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta per minute

CO: stroke volume X HR

Question 26

5 main types of blood vessels

Answer 26

arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins

Question 27

thick, triple layered vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Answer 27

arteries

Question 28

thin vessels formed by arteries branching down in size

Answer 28

arterioles

Question 29

hair-like microscopic vessels found throughout the body. also known as exchange vessels, connects arterioles to venules

Answer 29

capillaries

Question 30

very thin vessels formed when capillaries reunite

Answer 30

venules

Question 31

designated vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart to be oxygenated

Answer 31

veins

Question 32

the ability of local tissues to adjust blood flow (constrict or dilate) into the area according to metabolic demands via vasodilators and vasoconstrictors

Answer 32

autoregulation

Question 33

3 main types of receptors that regulate blood from

Answer 33

proprioceptors
baroreceptors
chemoreceptors

Question 34

two main types of circulation pathways of blood through the body

Answer 34

systemic circulation

pulmonary circulation

Question 35

where does gas exchange take place to re-oxygenate the blood?

Answer 35

pulmonary capillaries

Question 36

what are the 4 principal branches of the aorta?

Answer 36

ascending aorta
arch of the aorta
thoracic descending aorta
abdominal descending aorta

Question 37

veins transport blood back to the heart via pressure generated by?

Answer 37

contractions of the heart
skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump

Question 38

what is the main vein to drain the heart?

Answer 38

coronary sinus

Question 39

what empties blood drained from the head, neck, chest and upper limbs into the superior portion of the right atrium?

Answer 39

SVC

Question 40

largest vein in the body, drains the and, pelvis and lower extremities into the inferior portion of the right atria

Answer 40

IVC

Question 41

what are the 3 systemic veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart?

Answer 41

coronary sinus
SVC
IVC

Question 42

what 3 main veins drain blood away from the head?

Answer 42

internal jugular
external jugular
vertebral veins

Question 43

pulse rate, same as heart rate is?

Answer 43

75 bpm

Question 44

below 60bpm

Answer 44

bradycardic

Question 45

above 100bpm

Answer 45

tachycardic