Cardio Alterations Flashcards
When should the fetal shunt close
Within 72 hours after birth
Murmurs are heard if these shunts are open!!
Patent means
Open
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA)
Blood going from aorta then to pulmonary arteries into the lungs instead of to the body.
Too much blood in lungs
Increased pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary congestion occurs
Less oxygenated blood flows to the body
ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT (ASD)
Hole in wall between right and left atria
Blood does back from the left atrium back to the right atrium
Less oxygenated blood going to the body
Pulmonary congestion
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT (VSD)
Hole in wall between right and left ventricles
Blood is going from the left ventricle back to the right ventricle
Less oxygenated blood going to the body
Pulmonary congestion
Pulmonic stenosis (traffic jam)
Narrowing at the entrance of pulmonary artery
RIGHT HEART FAILURE (right ventricular hypertrophy)
decreased pulmonary circulation
Aortic stenosis
Narrowing at the entrance of aorta
Left heart failure(left ventricular hypertrophy)
Decreased cardiac Output
COARCTATION OF THE AORTA
Narrowing of the aortic arch
Abdominal pain is common
Decreased blood flow to abdomen and lower extremities
Good blood supply to head,chest, and arms
What intervention needs to be done for a pt with coarctation of the aorta
4-point blood pressure
Blood pressure taking on all extremities.
Lower extremities will have a weaker pulse and lower BP
What must Tetralogy of fallot have
Four defects at the same time!!
VarieD PictureS Of A RancH
Causes TET spells- knees to chest ASAP
VarieD PictureS Of A RancH
VarieD- VSD
PictureS- pulmonary stenosis
Of A- overriding aorta(displacement of aorta)
RancH- right ventricular hypertrophy
What are TET spells
Cyanosis episodes
Baby turns blue
First thing to do for a TET spell
Knees to chest!!!!
Squat w/knees to chest
Helps blood return to heart/lungs
Cardiac defect S/S
- Cyanosis
- Increased HR
- Decrease O2 sat
- difficult and fast breathing
- cardiomegaly
- HEART MURMURS
Cardiac defect interventions
- supplemental O2
- strict I/O
- daily at check
- enhance calories
- allow periods of rest
- do not feed baby for more than 30 minutes
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
-Very serious
-left ventricle is poorly developed or small
TX
Do nothing
3step surgery
Heart transplant
VAD
Transposition of the great arteries (TOGA)
- Crisscrossed arteries
- two completely separate systems not communicating
- DX intra utero
- surgery right at birth
- KEEP PDA OPEN WITH MEDICATION until surgery
What is Infective endocarditis
Inflammation caused by infection of the heart valves and lining(usually bacterial)
S/S of infective endocarditis
- fever
- decreased appetite
- nausea
- fatigue
- malaise
- NEW OR CHANGED HEART MURMUR
- arthralgia
- chest pain
- heart failure symptoms
- petechiae
How to prevent endocarditis
Prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures with specific cardiac issues or previously dx w/ endocarditis
Treatment for infective endocarditis
2-8 week IV antibiotic
Sometimes surgery
What is rheumatic fever
Diffuse inflammatory condition of the connective tissues(heart,joint,SQ tissue,brain, blood vessels)
Likely auto immune from untreated strep
Treatment for rheumatic fever
Daily prophylactic antibiotics for 10 years or until 21 years of age (whichever is longer)
S/S rheumatic fever
-polyarthritis(tender,painful joints)
-fever w/sore throat
-carditis(inflammation of the heart)
-chorea( involuntary movements of extremities and face)
-erythema marginatum(red skin lesions starting at trunk and spreading)
SQ nodules(small no tender swelling over joints)
-abdominal pain
