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PANCE Prep > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

MC type of cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

3 types of cardiomyopathies

A
  1. Dilated
  2. Restrictive
  3. Hypertrophic
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3
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with _____ dysfunction

A

Systolic

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4
Q

MC etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Idiopathic

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5
Q

MC infectious cause of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Viral (enterovirus, coxsackievirus B)

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6
Q

Clinical manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Systolic heart failure

  • dyspnea
  • fatigue
  • peripheral edema
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7
Q

Physical examination of dilated cardiomyopathy

A
  • S3 gallop

- laterally displaced PMI

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8
Q

Diagnostic test of choice for dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Echocardiogram

  • left ventricular dilation
  • thin ventricular walls
  • DECREASED ejection fraction (<30%)
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9
Q

Txm for dilated cardiomyopathy

A
  • Treat underlying cause

- Mortality reduction w/ ACEI and B-blockers

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10
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

A
  • Diastolic dysfunction in a non-dilated ventricle

- impedes ventricular filling

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11
Q

MC etiology of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Infiltrative disease

  • Amyloidosis (MC)
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Hemochromatosis
  • Scleroderma
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12
Q

Clinical manifestations of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Right sided HF

  • peripheral edema
  • JVD
  • ascites
  • hepatomegaly
  • Dyspnea
  • Kussmaul’s sign: increase in JV pressure w/ inspiration
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13
Q

Diagnostic test of choice for restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Echocardiogram

  • Non-dilated ventricle w/ normal thickness
  • diastolic dysfunction
  • Marked dilation of both atria
  • NORMAL EF
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14
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy definitive diagnosis

A

Endomyocardial biopsy

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15
Q

Txm for restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Treat underlying cause

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16
Q

Myocardial hypertrophy, often asymmetrical, that occurs in the absence of inciting hypertrophy stimulus

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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17
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy clinical features

A

-Dyspnea, atypical chest pain, syncope, fatigue, Sudden cardiac death

  • Systolic murmur at lower left eternal border
    • increases w/ decreased filling
    • Decreases w/ increased filling
    • Milk Jug analogy
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18
Q

MCC of sudden death in young otherwise healthy patients

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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19
Q

Test of choice to diagnose Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A

Doppler Echocardiography

Shows septal hypertrophy, normal systolic fxn, poor diastolic fxn, degree of mitral regurgitation

20
Q

W/ hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, avoid ___, ___, and ___

A

Digoxin, vasodilation, and exertion

To avoid increased outflow obstruction

21
Q

Txm for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

-improve diastolic fxn: BBs, CCBs

22
Q

1st degree AV block

A
  • 1 P wave/QRS
  • Prolonged, constant PR interval
  • No txm
23
Q

2nd Degree AV block Type I is also known as what?

A

Wenckebach

24
Q

PR progressively increases until a QRS is “dropped”

A

2nd degree AV block Wenckebach

25
Q

Prolonged PR intervals constant until QRS drop

A

2nd degree AV block Mobitz II

26
Q

Txm for 2nd degree AV block

A

Type I: atropine, pacer IF symptomatic

Type II: Pacer

27
Q

P wave regular, QRS regular, but all unrelated

A

3rd degree AV block

28
Q

Txm for 3rd degree AV block

A

Pacing

29
Q

Types of regular tachydysrhythmias w/ NARROW QRS

A
  • Sinus tachycardia
  • Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
  • Atrial flutter (A-flutter)
30
Q

Types of irregular tachydysrhythmias w/ NARROW QRS

A
  • Atrial fibrillation (A-fib)
  • Atrial flutter w/ variable conduction
  • Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MFAT)
31
Q

Types of regular tachydysrhythmias w/ WIDE QRS

A
  • Sinus tachycardia w/ aberrant conduction
  • Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)
  • Polymorphic V-Tach
32
Q

Types of irregular tachydysrhythmias w/ WIDE QRS

A
  • Atrial fibrillation w/ BBB

- Atrial fibrillation w/ WPW

33
Q

Continuous machine-like murmur that is loudest at the left upper sternal border on physical exam

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

34
Q

Pathophysiology responsible for PDA

A

Continued prostaglandin E1 production & low arterial oxygen content promotes patency

35
Q

Eisenmenger Syndrome

A

Pulmonary HTN & cyanosis heart disease occurring when left-to-right shunt SWITCHES to right-to-left shunt (cyanosis)

36
Q

Persistent communication between the descending thoracic aorta & main pulmonary artery after birth

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

37
Q

PDA is usually associated w/ a ______ shunt

A

Left-to-right shunt

38
Q

Best initial test to diagnose PDA

A

Echocardiogram

39
Q

Txm for UNstable bradydysrhythmias

A

+/- atropine → pacer → pressors (epi/dopamine)

40
Q

Txm for ventricular escape rhythm

A

Pacer

41
Q

Txm for Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)

A

Treat the underlying cause

42
Q

Txm for sinus tachycardia

A

Treat the underlying cause

43
Q

Txm for supraventricular tachycardia

A

-Vagal manuvers
-Adenosine
-AV Nodal blockers
-Amiodarone
Synchronized cardioversion

44
Q

Txm for A-Fib/flutter

A
  • AVN blockers, Amiodarone

- Anticoagulation

45
Q

V-tach txm

A
  • Lidocaine
  • Amiodarone
  • Procainamide
  • Cardioversion
46
Q

Txm for A-Fib w/ WPW

A

Procainamide or shock

47
Q

Txm for polymorphic VT & Torsades

A
  • Cardiovert/defibrillate if unstable
  • QT normal → ventricular antidysrhymic to prevent recurrence (lidocaine)
  • QT >500 → Magnesium Sulfate

PANCE Prep (3 decks)

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