Cardio: Flashcards
Vasovagal syncope (neurocardiogenic): alteration in autonomic drive that leads to a drop in cardiac output and a brief loss of cerebral perfusion. few seconds (<1min) Cardiogenic syncope: underlying structural heart defect, cardiac arrhythmia
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Acute coronary syndrome Tx:
Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and platelet P2Y12 receptor blockers (clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor)
Nitrates
Beta blockers
Statins
Anticoagulant therapy (unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, bivalirudin, or fondaparinux)
Inf wall MI: CIx: sinus bradycardia (SA node (ischemia) supplied by the Rt coronary a). Tx: anticholinergic tx (IV atropine) to incr CO
-Bradycardia → inadeq LV cardiac output → pulmonary edema → cardiogenic shock
RHF, Acute decompensated HF: Tx: Ionotropic support (milrinone)
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Amiodarone-induced biochemical abnormalities in thyroid hormone metabolism improve with time, and no treatment is necessary.
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Shock:
Cardiac tamponade: EQUALIZATION of all pressures
Pulmon embolism: ELEV RT heart and Pulmon a press. *CI may incr from hyperdynamic LV function.
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IE
IV drug use: Rt side m/c, involving tricuspid valve.
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Bicuspid aortic valve: Dx: echo & 1st degree relatives.
Cx: IE, regurgitation, stenosis, aortic root dilation, dissection
Tx: f/u echo q1-2y, Balloon valvuloplasty
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Acute limb ischemia (ALI): 6Ps. Tx: anticoag (heparin) + emergency surgical revascularization (if not, irrev myonecrosis w/i 4-6hrs)
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Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT): m/c in elderly patients who are hospitalized with an exacerbation of underlying pulmonary disease (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). E’ disturbances.
Dx: ECG (irregular rhythm with rapid rate, P waves of at least 3 different morphologies, atrial rate >100/min)
Tx: appropriate management of the underlying inciting illness (pulmonary).
-AV nodal blockade (eg, verapamil) if persistent
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