Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What can you see in Posterior MI?

A

ST depression in V1-V3

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2
Q

RCA supplies what parts of the heart?

A

Inferior, posterior, RV

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3
Q

What are the MC complications of inferior MI?

A

Bradycardia, MC Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach)

Papillary muscle rupture

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4
Q

Think about RV MI when you see what on EKG?

A
STE much Higher in Lead III > II
Or
STE in V1 > V2 
Or
STE in V1 with STD in V2
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5
Q

What defines STE?

A

1mm elevation in 2 anatomically contiguous leads

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6
Q

Accelerated Idioventricular rhythm occurs when?

Looks like what?

A

Reperfusion

Slow VTach, HR around 80-90

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7
Q

What is the baseline of the EKG?

A

T to P segments

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8
Q

What are the main associations to think about with HTN emergency?

A
Aortic dissection
Encephalopathy
Malignant HTN
ACS
Pulmonary edema
Stroke
Renal Failure
Preeclampsia
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9
Q

Labetalol works via what mechanism?

Onset of action, lasts how long?

Do not use when?

A

8x more beta than alpha

5-10 minutes, less than 6 hours

CHF, asthma

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10
Q

Sodium nitroprusside MOA?

Onset of action? Lasts how long?

What SE can it cause?

A

Arterial dilator, reduces afterload

1-2 mins, 1-2 minute half life

CN toxicity, tachycardia

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11
Q

What Abx can cause prolonged QT?

A

Macrolides, FQs

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12
Q

Symptoms and EKG findings of post-MI IV septal rupture?

Time period?

Treatment?

A

Acute SOB, NEW holosystolic murmur at LL sternal border and RL sternal border, EKG —> deep q waves in V1, V2

5-7 days

Nitroprusside

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13
Q

What kind of surgery and what time period makes it an absolute contraindication to thrombolytic treatment?

A

Intracranial or intraspinal surgery within 2 months

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14
Q

What EKG findings make occlusion of the Left Circumflex Artery more likely than RCA in an inferior MI?

A

EKG also shows STE in V4-V6

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15
Q

HTN and loud systolic murmur in young peds patient think what?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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16
Q

What is the MC type of AAA?

17
Q

What is the MC cause of IE in valve replacement pts?

A

S. Aureus if w/in 2 months

Coagulase (-) if after 2 months (s. Epidermidis)

18
Q

What meds are CONTRAINDICATED in peds pts w/SVT?

Why??

A

CCB in less than 1 y/o

Causes irreversible HoTN

19
Q

What heart complications can Paget’s disease of bone cause?

A

AV fistulas in new bone —> lead to high output HF

20
Q

Pt with septal rupture post MI, what is the treatment?

A

Afterload reduction —> use vasodilator

21
Q

Pt with COPD and tachycardia (maybe d/t SVT), VSS who is taking theophylline, what is the immediate treatment?

A

Esmolol

Adenosine does not work bc theophylline is a potent adenosine receptor antagonist

22
Q

Pt with acute-onset HA with tinnitus, right sided Horner’s syndrome most likely has what?

Tx?

A

Carotid artery dissection

Anti-thrombotic therapy

23
Q

What is the MC location for AAA to rupture into?

Most fatal?

A

Retroperitoneum

Intraperitoneum

24
Q

Infant less than 1 week old presents w/lethargy and poor PO intake. VSS: HR 200, RR 50, O2 sat 70%, systolic murmur, pt has what?

Do What?

A

Coarctation of aorta

give PGE to maintain PDA

25
What classes of meds prolong QT?
Phenothiazines - compazine, phenergan 5HT3 antagonists - Zofran Macrolides
26
Pt that has Cardiac tamponade, what is the best initial step in management? Why?
NS IV bolus Preload dependent to maintain RV pressure
27
What cardiac medicine is contraindicated in pts < 1 year? Why?
CCBs Cause irreversible HoTN
28
Pt that you are sure has inferior MI, what must you always check for? If + this means what?
Check leads V5, V6 Left-dominant heart therefore LCX Artery
29
What physiologic effects does BiPAP have?
Decreases venous return (preload) by increasing intrathoracic pressure
30
What can Paget Disease cause in the heart?
Arteriovenous connections in the new bone leading to high output Heart Failure
31
HTN and systolic murmur in a young child (6 yo) think of what? See what on PE?
Coarctation Brachial-femoral delay
32
What is Anomalous origin of the Left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA)? Presents when?
Blood flows from LCA into PA known as coronary steal Young infant (4-8 weeks) with sob, paleness that is worse w/feeds