Cardio

Question 1

Introduction

Answer 1

Introduce name, state stage of career.

Ask consent
- Require exposure above the waist.

Wash hand

Position 45 degrees

Question 2

End of bed observation

Answer 2

Well?

Comfortable?

Shortness of breath?

External apparatus?

Question 3

Hand examination

- Possible abnormal features

Answer 3

Finger clubbing

Cigarette tar stains

Peripheral cyanosis

Xanthomata

Question 4

Handarm examination

- Functions checked

Answer 4

Capillary refill

Radial pulse
- Rate and rhythm

Brachial pulse
- Volume and character (hyper/hypokinetic)

Blood pressure

Carotid pulse
- Volume and character

Question 5

Neck/ face/mouth examination

Answer 5

Neck
- Jugular venous pressure

Face

• Xanthalesma
• Corneal arcus
• Conjuctiva pallor (anaemia)

Mouth
- Central cyanosis

Question 6

Chest examination

- Observation

Answer 6

Scars

• Sternotomy
• Thoracotomy
• Left upper chest [ICD/ pacemaker]

Question 7

Chest examination

- Palpate

Answer 7

Apex beat
- Normal or displaced?

Parasternal heave

Thirlls

Question 8

Chest examination

- Auscultate

Answer 8

Palpate carotid which listening to valves

Start with mitral
- Use diaphragm them bell

Then aortic, pulmonary and tricuspid

Listen to posterior base of lungs

Question 9

Torso inspection

Answer 9

Sacral oedema

Question 10

Feet/ ankles

Answer 10

Check for peripheral oedema

• Tibialis pulse
• Dorsalis pedis pulse