Cardio Flashcards
What are the features of prosthetic valve endocarditis?
SOB Fatigue Fever Weight loss Heart murmur Sepsis Clubbing Splinter haemorrhage Janeway lesions Osler nodes
What are the features of aortic regurg?
SOB Chest pain Dizziness Displaced apex Collapsing pulse Corrigan’s sign Early diastolic murmur
What is the management of hypertension in someone over 55 or black (second step)?
ACEI + Calcium channel blocker
What is used if PCI is unavailable?
Thrombolysis
What investigations are done in hypertension?
ABPM, ECG, Fasting lipids + glucose, urinalysis
Which artery is affected in an inferior MI?
RCA
What does this ECG show?
LBBB
What does this ECG show?
AF
What does this ECG show?
Inferior MI
How should resistant hypertension be managed if the potassium is > 4.5?
Higher dose thiazide diuretic
What are the features of acute pericarditis?
chest pain: may be pleuritic. Is often relieved by sitting forwards,
other symptoms include non-productive cough, dyspnoea and flu-like symptoms,
pericardial rub,
tachypnoea,
tachycardia
What should be offered in the management of an NSTEMI?
Fondaparinux
Which antihypertensive should be prescribed to all diabetics?
ACEIs
What is the management of fluid overload in HF?
Diuretics (frusemide)
What are endocrine causes of secondary hypertension?
Cushing’s, Conn’s, Phaeochromocytoma
What is the aetiology of infective endocarditis?
Bactaraemia (poor dental hygiene, IVDU) Rheumatic disease Congenital Valve disease
What is malignant hypertension?
Diastolic > 130
What area of the heart is affected if there is ST elevation in II, III & aVF?
Inferior
What is the management of native valve endocarditis?
Amox + gent
What are features of stable angina?
Symptoms not new, Pain relieved by rest/GTN
What is the criteria for a STEMI?
> 1mm ST elevation in 2 adjacent limb leads, >2mm ST elevation in at least 2 contiguous precordial leads, New onset left bundle branch block
What is the most common cause of death post MI?
VFib
What are the two types of angina?
Stable and unstable
What is the management of narrow QRS tachycardia with a regular rhythm?
Vagal manœuvres Adenosine 6mg IV
What is the management of hypertension in someone over 55 or black (third step)?
ACEI + Calcium channel blocker + diuretic (indapamide)
What are the features of unstable angina?
GTN becomes less effective
Which artery is affected in an anterolateral MI?
Circumflex
What is BNP used for?
Heart failure - indicates stretching of heart muscle
What does this ECG show?
Anterior MI
What is the management of bradycardia with adverse features/risk of asystole?
Atropine 500mcg IV up to 3mg
What is the management of VT in haemodynamically stable patients?
Amiodarone 300mg over 20-60 minutes
What are some complications of hypertension?
Cerebrovascular + CA disease, Retinopathy, Kidney disease
What is the management of hypertension in someone under 55 (first step)?
ACE inhibitor
What does this ECG show?
Atrial flutter
What is the organism in prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Staph epidermis
How is angina managed?
Manage underlying causes, GTN + 2ndary prevention (aspirin + statin), Atenolol or verapamil, Consider revascularisation
What does this ECG show?
Posterior MI