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uworld > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

pulses paradoxus ddx

A
  1. cardiac tamponad
  2. asthma
  3. COPD
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2
Q

fall in systolic pressure > 10 mmHg during inspiration

A 
Pulses paradoxes 
(CT, asthma, COPD)
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3
Q

vasospastic angina

A

hyperactivity of coronary smooth muscle

Clinical:

  • < 50 , smoking
  • recurrent chest discomfort (at rest/ sleep)
  • resolves in 15 minutes

Dx:

  • ECG - ST elevation
  • Angiogram - NO CAD

Treatment

  • CCB
  • Sublingual nitrospray
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4
Q

ECG shows transient ST segmental elevation in leads 1 , aVL , v4 - V6 during spades of pain , angiogram is normal what is treatment and diagnosis

A

vasospastic angina

CCB or nitro

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5
Q

why non pharm intervention has the greatest impact on high blood pressure

A

dietary modification to DASH diet

diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in sat fats

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6
Q

what does cessation of smoking do with blood pressure

A

initial: transient rise in BP

- chronic light to moderate smokers have lower BP than nonsmoker

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7
Q

patient on warfarin what can interact with it?

A

ACETAMINOPHEN / NSAIDs

Spanish

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8
Q 
- pre syncope episodes 
AV block 
LBBB 
bilateral midfield lung opacities 
30 year old
A

cardiac Sarcoidosis

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9
Q

example of cariogenic shock

A

MI - due to impaired left ventricular contractility - hypotension, poor organ perfusions

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10
Q

aortic stenosis clinical features

A

SAD
delayed and diminished carotid pulse ( pulses parvus et trades)
Single and soft S2
Audible S4
Harsh ejection (Crescendo - decrescendo) systolic murmur in 2nd RICS with radiation to carotids

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11
Q

investigation of stable patient who experience syncopy following exercise

A

exercise stress test ( ECHO needed before EST to make sure there is no organic heart disease

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12
Q

what causes acute limb schema

A
  • CARDIAC / arterial EMBOLUS ( AF, LV thrombus, IE)
  • arterial thrombosis ( its with pre-exciting PVD) (PVD)
  • iatrogenic / blunt trauma
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13
Q

suspect acute limb ischemia - on exam right leg - pulses are not palpable distal to popliteal pulse but on the left it is normal

what is the cause

A

arterial embolism

if pulses were affected on both legs - more likely to be arterial thrombis - PVD hx

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14
Q

retrosternal chest pain burning in nature

A

GERD

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15
Q

ECG shows irregularly irregular rhythm - what is the anatomic site most likely origin in patients arrhythmia

A

PULMONARY VEIN - - most frequent ectopic foci that cause AF

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16
Q

what part of the heart is affected in sinus tachycardia

A

SA node - discharges at a rate from 100-180

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17
Q

A flutter most common cause

A

reentrant circuit around the tricuspid annulus with slowing of the impulse through a region known as cavotricuspid isthmus

18
Q

ECG shows - high voltage QRS , lateral ST segment depression , lateral T wave inversions

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

19
Q

what cardiac issue does marfan syndrome have

A

aortic dissection - most dangerous complication

  • AR is a complication of aortic dissection - early diastolic murmur
20
Q

inheritance of Marphans

A

autosomal dominant due to mutations in extracellular metric protein fibrillar 1

21
Q

what is the greatest sensitivity of dx heart failure in a 50 year old male

A

BNP

22
Q

systolic murmur along lower left sternal boarder that decrease in intensity when moving from standing to squating

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

23
Q

S/e of digoxin

A

anorexia , diarrhea , confusion, visual disturbance , cardiac arrhythmia

24
Q

dofetilide s/e

A
  • class 3 antiarrythmic agent

- tortes de point

25
Q

s/e hydrazine

A

peripheral edema
palpitations
orthostatic hypotension
drug induced lupus like syndrome

26
Q

metoprolol s/e

A 
bradyarrythmia 
acute worsening of heart failure 
bronchoconstriction 
fatigue 
depression 
weight gain 
sexual dysfunction
27
Q

verapamil s/e

A

impairs cardiac contractility and CHF

28
Q

Pericarditis that has non specific Twave abnormalities

A

Uremic pericarditis

  • acute or chronic Renal failure
  • pleuritic chest pain
  • worse in supine , better sitting up
  • pericardial friction rub

DIFFERENT FROM OTHER CAUSES OF PERICARDITIS THAT CAUSE DIFFUSE ST elevation

29
Q

high urea , pleutic chest pain and friction rub

A

pericarditis

30
Q

non pleuritic burning chest pain

A

GERD

31
Q

development of AV block in patients with Infective endocarditis

Dx

A

perivalvular abscess - extends into cardiac conduction tissue

32
Q

tricuspid regurg murmur

A

holosystolic murmur of tricuspid that comes accentuated during inspiration

33
Q

what is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in the immediate post infraction period in patients with acute myocardial

A

re-entry ventricular arrhythmia

34
Q

how to determine if LL edema is caused by cardiac or hepatic causes

A
  • Hepatojugular Reflux

Cardiac - positive HJR
Cirrhosis / hepatic disease - negative HJR

35
Q

presence of ascites, peripheral edema, hapatomegly and or splenomegaly

A

portal hypertension

36
Q

blue toe syndrome cause

A

cholesterol embolism - atheroembolism

37
Q

asymptomatic HTN with epistaxis and headache think what Dx

A

Coarctation of Aorta

38
Q

erosions of the inferior costal surfaces

A

Coarctation of aorta

39
Q

diffuse vascular calcification

A

renal disease history

40
Q

prominent right arterial contour

A

Ebstein congenital abnormality

41
Q

upturning of cardiac apex

A
  • think is a way to describe boot shape heart

- right heart hypertrophy

uworld (11 decks)

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