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K Qbank > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What does the femoral artery become?

A

popliteal artery

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2
Q

Which artery is most injured by posterior dislocation of the knee?

A

popliteal artery

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3
Q

what does the popliteal artery branch into?

A

posterior tibial artery and anterior tibial artery

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4
Q

what causes aortic stenosis in younger patients

A

calcification of the valves

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5
Q

what causes a harsh crescendo-decresendo midsystolic murmur that radiates to the neck

A

aortic stenosis

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6
Q

what enzyme is useful to determine if there is heart muscle damage?

A

CK-MB

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7
Q

what is CK-MB assocaited with

A

brain damage

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8
Q

what is CK-MM associated with

A

skeletal muscle damage

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9
Q

What happens during high intensity static exercise (weight lifting)

A

blood vessels are compressed increasing vascular resitance and decreasing blood flow. Leads to increased cardiac output –> increased MAP.

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10
Q

What happens during dynamic endurance exercise?

A

vascular resistance decreases and blood flow increases due to metabolic vasodilation of the arterioles. Capillary filtration rate can increase downstream, which increases lymph flow from the muscle.

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11
Q

Which beta 1 blocker can cause varying degrees of heart block?

A

Atenolol

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12
Q

adverse effects of Beta blockers

A
  • impotence - CV (bradycardia, AV block, HF) - CNS (seizures, sedation) - dyslipidemia - asthma/COPD
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13
Q

Beta 1 selective blockers

A

-acebutolol -atenolol -betaxolol -esmolol -metoprolol (go from A to M, B1 w/first half alphabet)

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14
Q

What 2 diseases cause increased pulse pressure?

A

aortic regurgitation Arteriosclerosis

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15
Q

What 2 dieases cause decreased pulse pressure?

A

aortic stenosis mitral stenosis

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16
Q

What disease increases diastolic pressure?

A

mitral stenosis

17
Q

What diseases decrease diastolic pressure?

A

aortic regurgitation PDA

18
Q

Which class of drugs is recommended for treatment of hypertension in diabetic and/or heart failure patients?

A

ACE inhibitors (enalapril, lisinopril, captopril)

19
Q

What can cause an arteriovenous fistuala?

A

formation of a psuedoaneurysm that can erode through the wall

20
Q

What does an arteriovenous fistula do to the return and cardiac output curves?

A
  • shifts the venous return curve to the right and rotates it upward
  • increased cardiac output, but the curve doesn’t change - arterial pressure is increased but TPR is decreased
21
Q

What are two classic risk factors for the development of a pulmonary embolus?

A
  1. hip fracture
  2. prolonged bed rest
22
Q

Presents 4-8 weeks post MI and results from a large anterior or anteriorseptal defect. Complications include arrythmias, thromboembolism, and congestive heart failure.

A

Ventricular aneurysm

23
Q

What beta blockers have intrisinc sympathomimetic activity and SHOULD NOT be used in patients with angina?

A
  • Pindolol
  • Acebutolol

They increase the HR and don’t reduce the myocardial oxygen demand.

24
Q

What is the most common cause of death within 24-48 hours following an MI?

A

arrythmia

25
Q

What is associated with weak peripheral pulses?

A

aortic stenosis

26
Q

What is being measured when a pulmonary wedge cathetere is

  • A - inflated
  • B- deflated
A
  • A = inflated is measuring left atrial pressure
  • B=deflated is measuring pulmonary artery pressure (25/8)
27
Q

What can cause chest pain that is NOT relieved by nitroglycerin and shows NO elevated troponin or CK-MB. However, there may be ST depression.

A

Acute coronary syndrome caused by thrombus of a coronary artery

28
Q

What pathological changes are seen with stable angina?

A
  • loss of myocytes with fibrosis
  • vacuolization of the myocytes in the subendocardium
29
Q

What is the physiology behind coarctation of the aorta?

A
  • Coarctation lowers renal artery pressure –> wall stress is reduced –> less calcium released –> initates renin release & RAAS system active
30
Q

What are the 4 physiological things that occur with cardiogenic shock?

A
  • decreased stroke volume
  • decreased cardiac output
  • increased systemic vascular resistance
  • increased cardiac preload
31
Q

What is characterize by lack of P waves and fluctuating R-R intervals?

A
  • Atrial fibrillation
32
Q

how is atrial fibrillation treated in a person who is over 75 years w/history of atherosclerotic disease?

A
  • use heparin for first few days
  • use warfarin for long term
33
Q

What is the cause of endocardial cushion defects and what disease are they associated with?

A
  • cause = failure of neural crest cells to migrate
  • associated with Down’s syndrome
34
Q

What drug has aldosterone blocking effects in collecting tubule and can cause gynecomastia?

A
  • spironolactone

K Qbank (1 decks)

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