Cardio Flashcards
Crackles
- describe sound
- what does it signify (2)
- What conditions are associated with it
-rales: discontinuous/high-pitched popping sounds.
dry= sudden opening of closed airways
wet= movement of fluid/secretion (low-pitched ~rubbing hair)
-atelectasis, fibrosis, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis
Wheeze
- describe
- signifies?
- conditions associated w/ it
- continuous “musical/whistling” various pitches
- narrowing–> turbulent airflow/vibration of small airways
- bronchospasm, edema, collapse, secretions, neoplasm/foreign body (ie bronchiectasis)
What is this condition: area of the lungs collapse/ doesn’t expand or inflate properly.
S&S: cyanosis, SOB, incr RR, incr HR
atelectasis
- What is this condition: Bronchiectasis
- Mechanism
- associated w/
- progressive obstructive lung disease
- injury to airways/lungs-> bronchial walls weaken-> permanent dilation of bronchi/bronchioles
- pneumonia, whooping cough, measles, TB, fungal infection,
S&S of _____:
crackles, wheezes, loud breath sounds, anemia, wt loss, hemoptysis, productive cough
Bronchiectasis
What is this condition: infl of bronchi. There is hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands->mucus block->insufficient oxygenation
What are the S&S
- bronchitis
- persistent cough, productive thick sputum, accessory mms, wheezing, dyspnea, cyanosis, incr pulmonary pressure
- Group of lung disease that, bc of narrowing bronchial tree-> block airflow.
- 2 main ones
- causes?
- (COPD)
- emphysema, chronic bronchitis
- smoking, air pollution, genetic disorder
- a sudden respiratory failure, due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli
- mechanism
- ARDS
- infl of membrane-> compromised-> small blood vessels leak fluid into the alveoli
-stimulant -> incr airway hypersensitivity. It is a chronic infl of airways
Asthma
- autosomal recessive genetic disease of EXOCRINE glands (1 faulty CF gene from BOTH parents=2 off genes)
- What organs does it affect
- what happens
- CF
- lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, sex organs
- exocrine glands produce unusually thick, sticky mucus-> infections, obstructs digestion and absorption
S&S for ______:
salty tasting skin, persistent/productive cough, freq lung infections, wheezing, SOB, poor growth/wt gain, frequent greasy/bulky stools
CF
- Describe Pleural effusion
- S&S
- buildup of fluid in pleural space-> incr fluid pushes pleura against lung-> difficulty breathing-> maybe atelectasis
- SOB, (infected= dry cough, fever, chills)
- Describe Pneumonia & causes
- S&S
- infl of lungs; bacteria, viral, fungal, parasitic
- fever, SOB, shaking chills, chest pain fluctuating w/ breathing, h/a, mm pain, fatigue
- what condition when fluid collects in the alveoli
- S&S to recognize
- what condition is it associated w/
- Pulmonary edema
- SOB, “suffocating/drowning”, wheezing, gasping, anxiety, frothy/blood-tinged sputum, chest pain, rapid/irregular pulse, apprehension, coughing, cyanotic, severe drop in BP,
- LHF (L ventricle unable to pump correctly)-> incr pressure in L atrium, pulmonary veins/capillaries-> fluid pushed through capillary walls INTO alveoli
- S&S of _____:
- What is it
- pulmonary embolism
- sudden onset of SOB, chest pain worsens w/ deep breathing/coughing/eating/bending, coughing bloody sputum, wheezing, LE swelling, excessive sweating, rapid/irregular pulse, lightheadedness/fainting.
- 1 or more arteries are blocked.
