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cardiopulmonary > cardio > Flashcards

cardio Flashcards

1
Q

what is the outer fibrous layer of the heart called?

A

pericardium

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2
Q

what is found on the inside of the pericardium?

A

epicardium

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3
Q

what is the name of the tissue that makes up most of the heart?

A

myocardium

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4
Q

what is the smooth lining of the inner service of the cavities of the heart?

A

endocardium

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5
Q

what is the pathway of blood flow starting with S and I vena cava?

A 
S. and I vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
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6
Q

atrioventricular valves prevent back flow of blood during?

A

ventricular systole

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7
Q

AV valves are anchored by?

A

chordae tendineae to papillary muscles

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8
Q

the walls of the _____ are thicker and stronger than the _____ and form most of the ____ side and apex of the heart

A

left ventricle
right ventricle
left

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9
Q

name the 2 AV valves

A

tricuspid

bicuspid/mitral

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10
Q

tricuspid valve is found on the ____ side

A

right

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11
Q

mitral valve is on the _____ side

A

left

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12
Q

semilunar valves prevent back flow of blood where?

A

from aorta and pulmonary arteries into the ventricles

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13
Q

when do the semilunar valves prevent back flow?

A

diastole

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14
Q

what are the two semilunar valves?

A

pulmonary valve

aortic valve

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15
Q

the pulmonary valve prevents ___ back flow

A

right

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16
Q

the aortic valve prevent _____ backflow

A

left

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17
Q

systole is the period of ventricular _______

A

contraction

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18
Q

end-systolic volume is

A

amount of blood in the ventricles after systole ( 50ml )

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19
Q

diastole is the period of ventricular ______

A

relaxation and filling of blood

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20
Q

end diastolic volume

A

about of blood in blood in ventricles after diastole ( 120 mL)

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21
Q

atrial contraction is AKA

A

atrial kick

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22
Q

inatrial kick occurs when?

A

last 1/3 of diastole and completes ventricular filling

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23
Q

Right coronary artery supplies?

A 
R atrium
most of R ventricle
inferior wall of L ventricles
AV node and bundle of HIS
supplies SA node 60% of the time
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24
Q

the SA node receives blood from the _____ 60% of the time

A

RCA

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25
Q

Left coronary artery supplies most of the blood to the ______ and divides into two main divisions: ___ and ____

A

left ventricle
left anterior descending
circumflex

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26
Q

left anterior descending supplies

A

left ventricle

interventricular septum

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27
Q

circumflex supplies

A

lateral and inferior walls of the left ventricle
portions of left atrium
supplies SA node 40% of time

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28
Q

circumflex supplies the SA node _____ percent of the time

A

40%

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29
Q

SA node rhythm for heart is?

A

60-100 beats per min

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30
Q

AV node rhythm is set at ______ BPM.

A

40-60

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31
Q

purkinje fibers have an intrinsic firing rate of ___-___ BPM

A

20-40

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32
Q

stroke volume:

A

the amount of blood ejected with each myocardial contraction

55-100 mL per beat

33
Q

what 3 things effect stroke volume?

A

left ventricular end diastolic volume ( LVEDV)
contractility
afterload

34
Q

what is Frank-Starlings Law?

A

the greater the diastolic filling (preload) the greater quantity of blood pump

35
Q

LVEDV is AKA

A

preload

36
Q

what is afterload?

A

the force the Left ventricle must generate during systole to overcome aortic pressure to open the aortic valve

37
Q

cardiac output

A

the amount of blood pumped from the left or right ventricle per min

38
Q

what is the average CO

A

at rest, 4-5 L per min

39
Q

CO = ______ x ________

A

stroke volume x heart rate

40
Q

cardiac index = CO/

A

body surface area

41
Q

cardiac index norm is

A

2.5-3.5 L/min

42
Q

LVEDP during diastole is normally?

A

5-12 mm Hg

43
Q

ejection fraction

A

percentages of blood emptied from the ventricles during systole

44
Q

Ejection fraction

A

SV/ LVEDP

45
Q

normal EF should be over _____ percent

A

55%

46
Q

diastolic filling time ______ with increased HR and with heart disease

A

decreases

47
Q

what is the primary site for vascular resistance?

A

arterioles

48
Q

_____ veins are the only ones that follow arteries

A

deep

49
Q

venous circulation is influenced by?

A

muscle contraction
gravity
respiration
compliancy of R heart

50
Q

with respiration, _____ increases blood flow back to the heart

A

inspiration

51
Q

cholinergic is sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulation?

A

parasympathetic

52
Q

parasympathetic stimulation _____ the rate of myocardial contraction, _______ myocardial metabolism, and cause coronary artery _________.

A

slows
decreases
vasoconstriction

53
Q

adrenergic is sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulation?

A

sym

54
Q

sympathetic stimulation occurs via what cord segments

/

A

T1-T4

55
Q

adrenergic does what to the coronary artery?

A

vasodilation

56
Q

drugs that increase sympathetic function are known as?

A

sympathomimetics

57
Q

drugs that decrease sympathetic function are known as?

A

sympatholytics

58
Q

what is the main mechanism s for controlling heart rate?

A

baroreceptors

59
Q

where are baroreceptors found?

A

walls of aortic arch and carotid sinus

60
Q

increased right atrial pressure cause what reflex?

A

acceleration of the heart

61
Q

increased C02 or decreased 02 results in what with the heart?

A

increase in HR

62
Q

hyperkalemia is the result of _________ concentration of potassium ions which ________ the rate and force of contraction of the heart

A

increased

decreases

63
Q

what would one see on a ECG of a person with hyperkalemia

A

widened PR interval and QRS interval

tall T waves

64
Q

hypercalcemia has what effect on the heart

A

increases heart actions

65
Q

hypocalcemia has what effect on the heart

A

depresses heart actions

66
Q

normal HR for adult
for children
for newborn

A

60-100
60-140
127 ( 90-164)

67
Q

give 2 examples of compensatory tachycardia?

A

surgery

dehydration

68
Q

what is considered tachycardia?

A

over 100 bpm

69
Q

what is considered bradycardia

A

under 60 bpm

70
Q

what is postural tachycardia?

A

sustained heart rate increase 30 bpm within 10 mins of standing

71
Q

S1 sound is what?

A

lub , closing of mitral and tricuspid valves

beginning of systole

72
Q

S2 sound is what?

A

dub, closing of aortic and pulmonary valves

marks end of systole

73
Q

p wave =

A

atrial depolarization

74
Q

P-R interval =

A

time required for impulse to travel from atria through conduction system to purkinje fibers

75
Q

QRS =

A

ventricular depolarization

76
Q

ST segment =

A

beginning of ventricular repolarization

77
Q

T wave =

A

ventricular repolarization

78
Q

QT interval=

A

time for electrical systole

cardiopulmonary (1 decks)

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