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Cardiovasc > Cardio 3 - Category to Generic > Flashcards

Cardio 3 - Category to Generic Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of mirtazapine?

A

Alpha2 antagonist

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2
Q

What is the brand name of mirtazapine?

A

Remeron

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3
Q

What is a common indication for mirtazapine?

A

MDD

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4
Q

What are key side effects of mirtazapine?

A

Drowsiness, weight gain, xerostomia, increased appetite, constipation

US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults

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5
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of bupropion?

A

Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor

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6
Q

What are the brand names of bupropion?

A

Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL

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7
Q

What is a common indication for bupropion?

A

MDD

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8
Q

What are key side effects of bupropion?

A

Tachycardia, headache, agitation, dizziness, insomnia, weight loss

US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults; serious neuropsychiatric reactions have occurred. Other Notes: use may increase risk of seizures (CI in patients with seizure disorders and/or eating disorders)

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9
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of atomoxetine?

A

Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

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10
Q

What is the brand name of atomoxetine?

A

Strattera

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11
Q

What is a common indication for atomoxetine?

A

ADHD

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12
Q

What are key side effects of atomoxetine?

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia

US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal ideation in children or adolescents. Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly.

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13
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of desvenlafaxine?

A

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

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14
Q

What is the brand name of desvenlafaxine?

A

Pristiq

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15
Q

What is a common indication for desvenlafaxine?

A

MDD

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16
Q

What are key side effects of desvenlafaxine?

A

Headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia

US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly.

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17
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of duloxetine?

A

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

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18
Q

What is the brand name of duloxetine?

A

Cymbalta

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19
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of venlafaxine?

A

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

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20
Q

What are the brand names of venlafaxine?

A

Effexor, Effexor XR

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21
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of citalopram?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

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22
Q

What is the brand name of citalopram?

A

Celexa

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23
Q

What is a common indication for citalopram?

A

MDD

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24
Q

What are key side effects of citalopram?

A

Drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache

US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly.

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25
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of trazodone?

A

Serotonin reuptake inhibitor

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26
Q

What is the brand name of trazodone?

A

Desyrel

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27
Q

What are common indications for trazodone?

A

Insomnia, MDD

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28
Q

What are key side effects of trazodone?

A

Sedation, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea

US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults.

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29
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of vilazodone?

A

SSRI / 5-HT1a partial agonist

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30
Q

What is the brand name of vilazodone?

A

Viibryd

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31
Q

What is a common indication for vilazodone?

A

MDD

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32
Q

What are key side effects of vilazodone?

A

Headache, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, insomnia

US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults.

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33
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of amitriptyline?

A

Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

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34
Q

What is the brand name of amitriptyline?

A

Elavil

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35
Q

What are common indications for amitriptyline?

A

MDD, diabetic neuropathy, migraine prophylaxis

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36
Q

What are key side effects of amitriptyline?

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction

US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly.

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37
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of benztropine?

A

Anticholinergic

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38
Q

What is the brand name of benztropine?

A

Cogentin

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39
Q

What is a common indication for benztropine?

A

Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms

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40
Q

What are key side effects of benztropine?

A

Blurred vision, confusion, constipation, dry mouth, sedation, urinary retention

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41
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of dexmethylphenidate?

A

CNS stimulant

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42
Q

What is the brand name of dexmethylphenidate?

A

Focalin XR

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43
Q

What is a common indication for dexmethylphenidate?

A

ADHD

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44
Q

What are key side effects of dexmethylphenidate?

A

Insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension

US Boxed Warnings: high potential for abuse.

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45
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of pramipexole?

A

Dopamine agonist

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46
Q

What is the brand name of pramipexole?

A

Mirapex

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47
Q

What are common indications for pramipexole?

A

Parkinson’s disease, RLS

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48
Q

What are key side effects of pramipexole?

A

Nausea, hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, compulsive behaviors

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49
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of carbidopa and levodopa?

A

Decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa), dopamine precursor (levodopa)

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50
Q

What are the brand names of carbidopa and levodopa?

A

Sinemet, Sinemet CR

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51
Q

What is a common indication for carbidopa and levodopa?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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52
Q

What are key side effects of carbidopa and levodopa?

A

Nausea, orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesias

Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI, CI in narrow-angle glaucoma.

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53
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of memantine?

A

N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist

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54
Q

What is the brand name of memantine?

A

Namenda

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55
Q

What is a common indication for memantine?

A

Dementia

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56
Q

What are key side effects of memantine?

A

Constipation, confusion, dizziness, headache

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57
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of donepezil?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

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58
Q

What is the brand name of donepezil?

A

Aricept

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59
Q

What is a common indication for donepezil?

A

Dementia

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60
Q

What are key side effects of donepezil?

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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61
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of lithium?

A

Antimanic agent

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62
Q

What is the brand name of lithium?

A

Lithobid

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63
Q

What is a common indication for lithium?

A

Bipolar disorder

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64
Q

What are key side effects of lithium?

A

Tremor, acne, hypothyroidism, weight gain, polyuria, polydipsia

US Boxed Warnings: ability to promptly monitor levels is necessary. Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended).

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65
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of sumatriptan?

A

Antimigraine

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66
Q

What are the routes of administration for sumatriptan?

A

PO, intranasal, SQ

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67
Q

What is the brand name of sumatriptan?

A

Imitrex

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68
Q

What is a common indication for sumatriptan?

A

Migraine

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69
Q

What are key side effects of sumatriptan?

A

Fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness

Other Notes: CI in ischemic heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, peripheral vascular disease, and uncontrolled hypertension.

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70
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of haloperidol?

A

First-generation antipsychotic

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71
Q

What are the routes of administration for haloperidol?

A

PO, IV, IM

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72
Q

What is the brand name of haloperidol?

A

Haldol

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73
Q

What is a common indication for haloperidol?

A

Schizophrenia

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74
Q

What are key side effects of haloperidol?

A

Sedation, EPS, parkinsonism, xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, QTc prolongation

US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death.

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75
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of clozapine?

A

Second-generation antipsychotic

76
Q

What is the brand name of clozapine?

A

Clozaril

77
Q

What is a common indication for clozapine?

A

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia

78
Q

What are key side effects of clozapine?

A

Sedation, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, sialorrhea, hyperglycemia, weight gain

US Boxed Warnings: may cause severe neutropenia; may cause orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, and syncope; may cause seizures; may cause fatal myocarditis and cardiomyopathy; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death. Other Notes: risk of neutropenia requires monitoring of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) to receive prescription.

79
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of aripiprazole?

A

Second-generation antipsychotic

80
Q

What are the routes of administration for aripiprazole?

A

PO, IM

81
Q

What is the brand name of aripiprazole?

A

Abilify

82
Q

What are common indications for aripiprazole?

A

Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants)

83
Q

What are key side effects of aripiprazole?

A

Sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension

US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death.

84
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of carbamazepine?

A

Anticonvulsant

85
Q

What is the brand name of carbamazepine?

A

Tegretol

86
Q

What are common indications for carbamazepine?

A

Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder

87
Q

What are key side effects of carbamazepine?

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, hyponatremia

US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatologic reactions (including SJS and TEN) in patients with certain genetic predisposition; may cause aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis.

88
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of lamotrigine?

A

Anticonvulsant

89
Q

What is the brand name of lamotrigine?

A

Lamictal

90
Q

What are common indications for lamotrigine?

A

Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder

91
Q

What are key side effects of lamotrigine?

A

Nausea, vomiting, somnolence, skin rash

US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatologic reactions, including SJS.

92
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of divalproex?

A

Valproic acid derivative

93
Q

What are the brand names of divalproex?

A

Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene

94
Q

What are common indications for divalproex?

A

Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis

95
Q

What are key side effects of divalproex?

A

Drowsiness, weight gain, tremor, hair loss, thrombocytopenia

US Boxed Warnings: may cause fatal hepatic failure; may cause life-threatening pancreatitis; fetal toxicity.

96
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of topiramate?

A

Anticonvulsant

97
Q

What is the brand name of topiramate?

A

Topamax

98
Q

What are common indications for topiramate?

A

Seizure disorders, migraine prophylaxis

99
Q

What are key side effects of topiramate?

A

Somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, memory impairment, weight loss

100
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of levetiracetam?

A

Anticonvulsant

101
Q

What are the routes of administration for levetiracetam?

A

PO, IV

102
Q

What is the brand name of levetiracetam?

A

Keppra

103
Q

What is a common indication for levetiracetam?

A

Seizure disorders

104
Q

What are key side effects of levetiracetam?

A

Somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness

105
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of oxcarbazepine?

A

Anticonvulsant

106
Q

What is the brand name of oxcarbazepine?

A

Trileptal

107
Q

What are key side effects of oxcarbazepine?

A

Somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness, hyponatremia

108
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of phenobarbital?

A

Anticonvulsant

109
Q

What are the routes of administration for phenobarbital?

A

PO, IM, IV

110
Q

What are key side effects of phenobarbital?

A

Somnolence, dizziness, risk of SJS

111
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of phenytoin?

A

Anticonvulsant

112
Q

What is the brand name of phenytoin?

A

Dilantin

113
Q

What are key side effects of phenytoin?

A

Somnolence, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, risk of SJS

US Boxed Warning: cardiovascular risk with rapid infusion. Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended).

114
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of gabapentin?

A

Anticonvulsant

115
Q

What is the brand name of gabapentin?

A

Neurontin

116
Q

What are common indications for gabapentin?

A

Seizure disorders, neuropathic pain

117
Q

What are key side effects of gabapentin?

A

Somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision

118
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of pregabalin?

A

Anticonvulsant

119
Q

What is the brand name of pregabalin?

A

Lyrica

120
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of buspirone?

A

Antianxiety agent

121
Q

What is the brand name of buspirone?

A

Buspar

122
Q

What is a common indication for buspirone?

A

Anxiety

123
Q

What are key side effects of buspirone?

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, nausea

124
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of alprazolam?

A

Benzodiazepine

125
Q

What is the brand name of alprazolam?

A

Xanax

126
Q

What is a common indication for alprazolam?

A

Anxiety

127
Q

What are key side effects of alprazolam?

A

Daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal

US Boxed Warning: risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions. Other Notes (lorazepam IV only): parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours.

128
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of clonazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine

129
Q

What is the brand name of clonazepam?

A

Klonopin

130
Q

What are common indications for clonazepam?

A

Anxiety, seizure disorders

131
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of diazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine

132
Q

What are the routes of administration for diazepam?

A

PO, IV

133
Q

What is the brand name of diazepam?

A

Valium

134
Q

What are common indications for diazepam?

A

Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal

135
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of lorazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine

136
Q

What are the routes of administration for lorazepam?

A

PO, IV

137
Q

What is the brand name of lorazepam?

A

Ativan

138
Q

What are common indications for lorazepam?

A

Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal

139
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of midazolam?

A

Benzodiazepine

140
Q

What are the routes of administration for midazolam?

A

IV, IM

141
Q

What is the brand name of midazolam?

A

Versed

142
Q

What are common indications for midazolam?

A

Anesthesia, sedation

143
Q

What is the pharmacologic category of temazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine

144
Q

What is the brand name of temazepam?

A

Restoril

145
Q

What are common indications for temazepam?

A

Insomnia

146
Q

What is clonazepam used for?

A

Anxiety, seizure disorders

147
Q

What is the brand name for diazepam?

A

Valium

Used for anxiety, seizure disorders, and acute alcohol withdrawal.

148
Q

What is the brand name for lorazepam?

A

Ativan

Used for anxiety, seizure disorders, and acute alcohol withdrawal.

149
Q

What is midazolam used for?

A

Anesthesia, sedation

150
Q

What is the brand name for temazepam?

A

Restoril

Used for anxiety and insomnia.

151
Q

What is eszopiclone used for?

A

Insomnia

Key Side Effects: decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, dysgeusia. US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors.

152
Q

What is zolpidem used for?

A

Insomnia

Key Side Effects: decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia. US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors.

153
Q

What is propofol used for?

A

Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus

Key Side Effects: hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare).

154
Q

What is dexmedetomidine used for?

A

Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures

Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension.

155
Q

What is beclomethasone used for?

A

Asthma, COPD

Key Side Effects: oral candidiasis, hoarseness, sore throat. Other Notes: rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection.

156
Q

What is the brand name for budesonide?

A

Pulmicort

157
Q

What is fluticasone propionate used for?

A

Asthma, COPD

158
Q

What is fluticasone and salmeterol used for?

A

Asthma, COPD

Key Side Effects: oral candidiasis, hoarseness, sore throat. Other Notes: rinse mouth with water and spit to prevent Candida infection.

159
Q

What is the brand name for budesonide and formoterol?

A

Symbicort

160
Q

What is the brand name for mometasone and formoterol?

A

Dulera

161
Q

What is tiotropium used for?

A

Asthma, COPD

Key Side Effects: xerostomia.

162
Q

What is theophylline used for?

A

Asthma, COPD

Key Side Effects: tachycardia, headache, nausea, insomnia, tremor. Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug.

163
Q

What is albuterol used for?

A

Asthma, COPD

Key Side Effects: tremor, tachycardia, nervousness, excitement.

164
Q

What is levalbuterol used for?

A

Asthma

165
Q

What is ipratropium used for?

A

COPD

Key Side Effects: xerostomia, nausea, dysgeusia.

166
Q

What is montelukast used for?

A

Allergic rhinitis, asthma

Key Side Effects: headache. US Boxed Warning: risk of serious neuropsychiatric effects.

167
Q

What is varenicline used for?

A

Smoking cessation

Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, abnormal dreams, headache, insomnia, irritability.

168
Q

What is the combination product ipratropium and albuterol used for?

A

See individual drug components.

169
Q

What is tizanidine used for?

A

Spasticity

Key Side Effects: drowsiness, hypotension, dizziness, xerostomia, weakness.

170
Q

What is hydroxychloroquine used for?

A

RA, SLE, malaria

Key Side Effects: retinal toxicity, rash, diarrhea.

171
Q

What is colchicine used for?

A

Gout

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, myopathy.

172
Q

What is diclofenac used for?

A

OA, RA, acute pain

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea.

173
Q

What is the brand name for ibuprofen?

A

Motrin, Advil

174
Q

What is meloxicam used for?

A

OA, RA, acute pain

175
Q

What is indomethacin used for?

A

OA, RA, acute pain, gout

176
Q

What is the brand name for naproxen?

A

Naprosyn, Anaprox, Aleve

177
Q

What is ketorolac used for?

A

Pain

178
Q

What is celecoxib used for?

A

OA, RA, acute pain

179
Q

What is diclofenac topical used for?

A

OA

Key Side Effects: pruritus, rash.

180
Q

What is cyclobenzaprine used for?

A

Muscle spasm

Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, fatigue.

181
Q

What is baclofen used for?

A

Spasticity

Key Side Effects: drowsiness.

182
Q

What is carisoprodol used for?

A

Muscle spasm

183
Q

What is methocarbamol used for?

A
184
Q

What is metaxalone used for?

A
185
Q

What is lidocaine used for?

A

Transdermal: pain, IV: ventricular arrhythmias

Key Side Effects (transdermal): dermatitis, erythema, urticaria, skin depigmentation, skin edema.

186
Q

What is allopurinol used for?

A

Gout

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, rash, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.

187
Q

What is succinylcholine used for?

A

Neuromuscular blockade for intubation or procedures

Key Side Effects: hyperkalemia, myalgia, malignant hyperthermia (rare).

Cardiovasc (1 decks)

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