Cardio

Question 1

What are the 3 kinds classifications of afib?

Answer 1

1. acute
2. paroxysmal
3. chronic

Question 2

What are the 2 most common causes of afib?

Answer 2

1. HTN

2. coronary atherosclerosis

Question 3

What are the causes of afib?

I SMART CHAP

Answer 3

I- inflammatory disease (myocarditis/pericarditis)

S- surgery (bypass or valvular)
M- meds (theophylline, caffeine, digitalis
A- atherosclerotic coronary artery disease
R- rheumatic heart disease (esp. w/ mitral stenosis)
T- thyrotoxicosis

C- congenital heart disease (ASD, ebstein anomaly)
H- HTN
A- alcohol (holiday heart, alcoholic cardiomyopathy)
P- pulmonary disease (esp. PE)

Question 4

What are the goals of treatment for acute afib?

Answer 4

1. stabilization (cardioversion)
2. rate control (beta-blockers/CCB)
3. conversion to sinus rhythm (reverse underlying causes)
4. anticoagulation (continue 3-4wks after conversion)

Question 5

How does rheumatic fever affect the heart

Answer 5

valvular thickening, fibrosis, and calcification lead to valvular stenosis
***most commonly to mitral valve
aortic valve may also be involved in severe cases

Question 6

What are physical finding for mitral stenosis?

Answer 6

Loud S1—-S2–opening snap—low pitched diastolic rumble (at apex with bell)

Question 7

Consequences of mitral stenosis?

Answer 7

L atrial enlargement
Pulmonary hypertension/congestion
R heart failure
(LE edema, hemoptysis,pulm congestion)

Question 8

What is a delta wave on EKG?

Answer 8

pre-excitation wave
early upslurring on the R wave
widens the QRS complex and shortens PR interval
***seen in WPW syndrome