cardio 2

Question 1

WHAT IS BLOOD PRESSURE?

Answer 1

The force that the blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels as transmitted from the heart.

Question 2

how does the heartbeat affect blood pressure?

Answer 2

The heartbeat also affects blood pressure: when the ventricle is contracting it is high, when the ventricle is dilating it is low

Question 3

Blood pressure is given as 2 readings

Answer 3

Systolic- when the heart muscle squeezes out blood

Diastolic-when the heart relaxes and allows the blood to flow back into the heart

Question 4

Systolic

Answer 4

when the heart muscle squeezes out blood

Question 5

Diastolic

Answer 5

when the heart relaxes and allows the blood to flow back into the heart

Question 6

The normal level of blood pressure is usually about

Answer 6

120 (systolic)
Over 80 (diastolic)

Question 7

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

Answer 7

Also known as hypertension, this is blood pressure which consistently remains above the normal level.

Question 8

LOW BLOOD PRESSURE

Answer 8

Also known as hypotension, this is blood pressure which consistently remains below the normal level.

Question 9

Structure of arteries

Answer 9

Structure – Thick, muscular and elastic
Small lumen
No valves

Question 10

How does blood move through arteries

Answer 10

Under pressure from the heart

Question 11

structure of viens

Answer 11

Thin walled, not muscular or elastic
Large lumen
Has valves to prevent back flow

Question 12

How does blood move through veins

Answer 12

Pumped by skeletal muscle

Question 13

CAPILLARIES structure

Answer 13

One cell thick and porous (allowing the passage of gases and nutrients)
Bridge between arterioles and venules (at cell level)

Question 14

CAPILLARIES function

Answer 14

Delivers nutrients, oxygen, hormones etc from the arterioles to the cell
Takes back the waste from the cell and passes it to the venule (then Vein and back to the heart)

Question 15

Systemic circulation

Answer 15

Oxygenated blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
Blood leaves the left ventricle via the Aorta

Oxygen and nutrients are carried to the cells

Carbon dioxide and deoxygenated blood are carried from the cells and returned to the right atrium via the Superior Vena Cava and the Inferior Vena Cava

Question 16

PULMONARY CIRCULATION

Answer 16

Deoxygenated blood flows from the Inferior Vena Cava and the Superior Vena Cava into the right atrium
From the right atrium the blood passes into the right ventricleBlood is carried from the right ventricle into the Pulmonary ArteryPulmonary Artery carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungsAt the lungs there is an exchange of gases
Carbon dioxide is breathed out Oxygen is breathed inOxygenated blood travels through the Pulmonary Veins to the left atrium of the heart

Question 17

coronary CIRCULATION

Answer 17

Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the arteries and veins that supply the heart muscle (myocardium).

Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

Cardiac veins then drain away the blood after it has been deoxygenated.

Question 18

what is heartbeat

Answer 18

The heartbeat, or cardiac cycle, is the pattern of muscular contraction of the heart wall:

both the atria contract, forcing their contents into the ventricles
the atria relax but the ventricles contract, emptying their contents into the arteries
the ventricles relax and the heart is at rest. While resting the heart dilates and fills with blood.

Question 19

human heartbeat

Answer 19

Most adults heartrate is 72-80 beats per minute whereas most babies have a rate of 130 times a minute.

Question 20

WHAT IS A PULSE?

Answer 20

The number of times the heart beats in one minute is known as the heart rate.

When you feel your pulse this is what you are feeling – the rate at which your heart is pumping blood through your circulatory system.

This sets up a wave of swelling and contracting which continues along all the elastic arteries.

What we think of as a pulse is in fact this wave, which can be felt wherever an artery passes close to the surface of the skin and over a bone.

Since the pulse varies with the heart rate, the pulse is taken to check if a heart is beating normally

Question 21

The IVC and SVC bring?

Answer 21

Deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 22

The pulmonary vein brings

Answer 22

oxygenated blood to the left atrium

Question 23

what is interstitial fluid

Answer 23

Fluid found in the spaces around cells. It comes from substances that leak out of blood capillaries

It helps bring oxygen and nutrients to cells and to remove waste products from them.

As new interstitial fluid is made, it replaces older fluid, which drains towards lymph vessels.