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High Acuity > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

SVR

A

Left sided afterload

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2
Q

CVP

A

Right sided preload

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3
Q

PCWP

A

left sided preload

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4
Q

RVSWI

A

Right contractility

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5
Q

LVSWI

A

left contractility

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6
Q

PVR/PAP

A

Right sided afterload

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7
Q

Stroke Volume

A

the amount of blood ejected with each heart beat

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8
Q

Cardiac Output

A

the amount of blood the heat pumps in 1 min

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9
Q

Cardiac output equation

A

CO = HR x SV

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10
Q

Preload

A

Fluid status. The stretching of the muscle fibers in the vent. This stretching results from blood volume inn the vent at the end-diastole.
Balloon stretching as air is being blown into it. The more air the greater the stretch

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11
Q

Starling’s law

A

The more the heart muscles stretch during diastole, the more forcefully they contact during systole.

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12
Q

Contractility

A

The ability of the myocardium to contract normally, Contractility is influenced by preload. The greater the stretch the more forceful the contraction of the more air in the balloon the greater the stretch and the farther the balloon will fly when the air is allowed to expel.

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13
Q

Afterload

A

Resistance. The pressure that the vent muscles must generate to overcome the higher pressure in the aorta to get the blood out of the heart. Resistance is the knot on the end of the balloon, which the balloon has to work against to get the air out.

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14
Q

Things that increase preload

A

Increased fluid volume

Vasoconstriction

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15
Q

Things that decreased preload

A

Hypovolemia
Vasodialation
Dehydration

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16
Q

Things that increase afterload

A

Hypovolemia

Vasoconstriction

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17
Q

Things that decrease afterload

A

Vasodilation

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18
Q

Increased preload causes

A

Increases SV
Increases vent work
Increases myocardial oxygen requirements

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19
Q

Decreased preload causes

A

Decreases SV
Decreases vent work
Decreases myocardial oxygen requirements

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20
Q

Increased afterload causes

A

Decreases SV
Increases vent work
Increases myocardial oxygen requirements

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21
Q

Decreased afterload causes

A

Increases SV
Decreases vent work
Decreases myocardial oxygen requirements

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22
Q

Systole

A

Squeeze. Contracts.

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23
Q

Diastole

A

Relax. Allows chambers to fill with blood.

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24
Q

PAOP

A

How to measure preload: (pulmonary artery occlusion pressure)

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25
Q

K+ normals

A

3.5-4.5 mEq/L

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26
Q

Ca normals

A

8.5 - 10.2 mg/dL

Ionized 4.4 - 5.5 mg/dL

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27
Q

Mg normals

A

1.8 - 3 mg/dL

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28
Q

Phelbostatic axis

A

Located at 4th inter-coastal space

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29
Q

P wave

A

Atrium depolarization. Squeeze. Pushes blood to vents.

30
Q

QRS wave

A

Vent depolarization. Squeeze. Pushes blood out to body and lungs

31
Q

T wave

A

Vent repolarization. Relax. Fills with blood

32
Q

Little EKG box

A

0.04 secs

33
Q

Inotrope

A

Squeeze. Contractility.

34
Q

Chronotrope

A

Rate

35
Q

SA node

A

Car battery. 60-100 beats per min.

36
Q

MAP calculation

A

(Diastole x 2) + (systole) / 3

37
Q

Cardiac index calc

A

CO / BSA

38
Q

Hemodynamic finding of Hypovolemic shock

A

Low CO
High SVR
Low PAP
Low PCWP

39
Q

Hemodynamic finding of Cardiogenic shock

A 
Low CO
High SVR
High PAP
High PCWP
High CVR
Low LVSWI
40
Q

Hemodynamic finding of Right heart failure

A

Low CO
High CVP
High PVR

41
Q

Hemodynamic finding of Left sided heart failure

A

Low CO
High PCWP
High SVR

42
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Increases BP (dilates)
Increases preload and after load
Every 5 min x 3
Causes HA

43
Q

Beta blockers - Lol

A

Decreases BP, pulse and contractility
Decreases workload
Decrease after load
Increase CO

44
Q

Diuretic

A

Decrease preload

45
Q

ARBs

A

Decrease BP

Increase CO

46
Q

Ace-inhibitor -pril

A

Decrease BP
Decrease workload
Decrease after load
Increase CO

47
Q

Digoxen

A

Increases contractility
Increase CO

Use in A-fib and HF

48
Q

Drugs that decrease afterload

A 
Vasodialte
Sodium nitroprusside (nipride)
Nitro 
Dobutamine
Diuretics
Ace inhibitors
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Arbs (sartan)
49
Q

Drugs to increase afterload

A

Vasopressors

(Norepinephrine/levophed, epinephrine, dopamine, phenylephrine) or vasopressin

50
Q

Drugs that decrease preload

A 
Vasodilate
Nitro
Ace-pril
Beta -lol
Calcium channel blockers
Arbs -sartan
51
Q

Drugs that increase preload

A

Vasopressors
(Norepinephrine/levophed, epinephrine, dopamine, phenylephrine) or vasopressin
Or administer crystaloids, colloids, packed red blood cells

52
Q

Drugs that increase contractility

A

Ace inhibitors

Digoxin

53
Q

Drugs that decrease contractility

A

Beta blockers

54
Q

V-tach treatment

A

Amiodorine or beta blockers

Cardio version and defibrillator

55
Q

Transdermal MI

A

STEMI Q wave

Entire thickness of muscle

56
Q

Subendocardial MI

A

NSTEMI no Q wave
Inner aspect of muscle wall
T wave inversion

57
Q

Drugs to treat bradycardia

A

Atropine
Eli
Dopamine

58
Q

Drugs to treat tachycardia

A

Beta blockers

Ca channel blockers

59
Q

Drugs that treat arterial flutter

A

Cardioversion
Anticoagulant
Digoxin
Amiodarone

60
Q

Drugs that treat atrial fibrillation

A

Cardioversion
Digoxin
Beta blocker
Amiodarone

61
Q

Drugs that treat PVC

A

Lidocaine, procainamide, amiodarone

Correct potassium

62
Q

Drugs that treat V-tach

A

Cardioversion
Defibrillator
Amiodarone
Beta blocker

63
Q

Drugs to treat V-fib

A

Defib

64
Q

Drugs to treat asystole

A

Epi and atropine

65
Q

Treat Hypovolemia

A

Ns bolus

Vasopressor

66
Q

Treat left sided heart failure

A 
Vasodialer
Anti htn
Dig
No fluid
Maybe a diuretic
67
Q

Treat CHF

A

Diuretic Lasix
Dig or doubtamine for contractility
Nitro
Ace

68
Q

Amiodarone use

A

Vent dysrhythmia (tach and fib)

69
Q

Lidocaine use

A

V tach

PVC

70
Q

Nitroprusside use

A

Htn

71
Q

Procainamide use

A

PVC

High Acuity (2 decks)

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