Cardio Flashcards
Warfarin in Dentistry
check INR 72 hours before procedure, proceed if INR < 4.0
Death in HOCM
Ventricular Arrhythmyia
DRESSLER Syndrome
-POST-MI
-PERICARDITIS
-fever, pleuritic pain and pericardial effusion
-AUTOIMMUNE
Persistent ST Elevation following MI, NO CHEST PAIN
LV ANEURYSM
ANTICOAGULANTS AFTER STROKE
-TIA: start DOACs immediately
-ischemic stroke: wait for 14 days then start DOACs
Amiodarone
-Blocks K CHANNELS
-PROLONGS QT INTERVAL
-HAS VERY LONG HALF LIFE SO GIVEN IN LOADED DOSES
LOW BNP IN OBESE PPL
HIGH FAT CONTAINS NEPRILYSIN WHICH DEGRADES VARIOUS PEPTIDES INCLUDING BNP
BURGADA SYNDROME
-SCN5A NA CHANNELOPATHY
-CONVEX ST ELEVATION IN V1-3 WITH NEGATIVE T
-PARTAIL RBBB
PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION
START ORAL LABETALOL IMMEDIATELY
-NIFEDIPINE IF ASTHMATIC
PROSTHETICS ANTICOAGULANTS
-BIOPROSTHETCS = LOW DOSE ASPIRIN….USED IN OLDER PATIENTS
-MECHANICAL = WARFARIN + ASPIRIN ..USED IN YOUNG PATIENTS
Adrenaline
-Cardiac Arrest= 1mg : 10,000 IV
-Anaphylaxis= 1:1000 IM
ECHO IN AORTIC DISSECTION
IN HEMODYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE
HTN
IF UNCONTROLLED ON 3 DRUGS CHECK POTASSIUM LEVELS
-K<4.5 = SPIRONOLACTONE
-K>4.5 = ALPHA OR BETA BLOCKER
EBSTEIN ANOMALY
-CYANOTIC
-PATENT FORMAEN OVALE
-ASD
-RBB
-WPW
-EXPOSURE TO LITHIUM IN UTERO
ANTICOAGULANTS AFTER CARDIOVERSION IN AF
CONTINUE WARFARIN FOR ATLEAST 4 WEEKS THEN REVIEW
Complete Heart Block
AVN Is supplied by posterior interventricular artery which is in majority supplied by RCA
Absent Radial Pulse
-AORTIC DISSECTION with subclavian involvement
-Peripheral arterial embolus
-TRAUMA / IATROGENIC
Cardiac imaging
Best for CAD: CARDIAC CT WITH CONTRAST TO VISUALIZE THE LUMEN
NORMAL CARDIAC CT CALCULATES CALCIUM SCORE
-MRI IS BEST FOR STRUCTURAL VISUALIZATION
HTN IN PREGNANCY
-NORMALLY FALLS IN THE FIRST HALF THEN RISES TO PRE-PREGNANCY LEVELS BEFORE BIRTH
ACEi
A - Angioedema
C - Cough (dry; most common side-effect)
E - Elevated potassium (hyperkalaemia)
i - 1st dose hypotension
ALS
-BICARB IS GIVEN FOR HYPERKALEMIC ARREST AS IT SHIFTS K INTRACELLULARLY ,REVERSING THE ACIDOSIS
-LIDOCAINE: ONLY IN PULSELESS V TACH OR FIB
V TACH
MONOMORPHIC= AMIODARONE Rx
POLYMORPHIC= CAUSED BY QT PROLONGATION CAUSES , MGSo4 Rx
Heyde syndrome
-AORTIC STENOSIS
-ANGIODYSPLASIAS
-VON WILLEBRANDS
-Valve replacement
DIGOXIN TOXICITY
-ANXIETY
-ACUTE CONFUSION
-HALLUCINATIONS
-YELLOWING OF VISION
-BRADYCARDIA
BETA BLOCKERS SHOULD BE USED CAUTIOUSLY WITH AORTIC STENOSIS
DECREASES LEFT VENT. POWER WHICH IS REQUIRED TO OVERCCOME PRESSURE GRADIENT ACROSS THE VALVE
Marfan and Aortic root dilatation
-If growing more than 3mm per year then SURGERY CONSIDERED
-Rx Is with beta blockers or ARBs
Systolic murmur in an IV Drug abuser
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
-Also , staph aureus is gram positive cocci that forms clumps
Postural Hypotension in HEART FAILURE PT.
STOP DOXASOZIN THEN IF SYMPTOMS CONTROLLED STOP FUROSEMIDE
Passing a magnet over pacemaker-defibrillator
-To turn off the defibrillator in case of malfunction
