cardio Flashcards
hypertensive presented with hypokalemia and hyponatremia.Reason?
thiazide therapy
tachyarrythmia, unstable patient.treatment?
cardioversion
grace score >9 percent ( highest ) glycoprotein inh.
tirofiban ( gp2a/3b)
other gp11a/3b inh
Eptifibatide, Tirofiban and Abciximab
hydralazine MOA?
increasing cgmp leading to smooth muscle relaxation ..more in arterioles than in veins
thiazide site of action
early part of dct
pulm htn on auscultation?
loud second heart sound…p2…
contraindication of ventricular tachycardia
verapamil as administration of ccb can precipitate cardiac arrest
treatment of ventricular tachycardia
amiodarone , lidocaine ‘ implantable cardiac defibrillator
Poorly controlled hypertension, already taking an ACE inhibitor and a thiazide diuretic.what to do??
add amlodipine
mitral stenosis
percutaneous mitral commisurotomy
managing patients with associated atrial fibrillation require anticoagulation
currently warfarin is still recommended for patients with moderate/severe MS
there is an emerging consensus that direct-acting anticoagulants (DOACs) may be suitable for patients with mild MS who develop atrial fibrillation
mitral stenosis and LA enlargement
double heart border sign
UPDATE : now the most common cause of infective endocarditis
staph aureus
OLD INFO : historically was the most common cause of infective endocarditis. This is no longer the case, except in developing countries
Streptococcus viridanS
Culture negative causes
prior antibiotic therapy
Coxiella burnetii
Bartonella
Brucella
HACEK: Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella)
Cholesterol embolisation
eosinophilia
purpura
renal failure
livedo reticularis
dipyridamole enhances effect
aminophylline reduces effect
Important
adenosine
pulsus alternans seen in
Lv failure
PULSUS PARADOXUS SEEN IN
SEVERE ASTHMA , CARDIAC TAMPONADE
COLLAPSING PULSE SEEN IN
aortic regurgitation
patent ductus arteriosus
hyperkinetic states (anaemia, thyrotoxic, fever, exercise/pregnancy)
JERKY PULSE OR PULSUS BISFERIENSES SEEN IN
HOCM
ACEi s/e
hypotension and giddyness
anticoagulation
Dentistry in warfarinised patients - check INR 72 hours before procedure, proceed if INR < 4.0
s4 coincides with which wave
p wave
