Cardio

Question 1

Heart failure management

Answer 1

Acute:
non-pharm:
- fluid restriction <1.5 L
- Na <2g
- in/outs, daily weights
pharm:
- LMNOP (lasix, morphine, nitro, O2, position)

Long term:
- HFrEF:
- ARNI or ACEi
- Beta- blockers
-MRA (spironolactone)
- SGLT-2 inhibitors

consider diuretics

Question 2

NYHA classification

Answer 2

I: no limitations
II: slight limitation with physical activity
III: marked limitation with physical activity, comfortable at rest
IV: no physical activity tolerance, Sx at rest

Question 3

microcytic anemia Ddx

Answer 3

TAILS

Thalessemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Iron deficiency
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia

Question 4

macrocytic anemia DDx

Answer 4

FATRBC
Folate/fetus
alcoholism/liver disease
thyroid/endocrine
Reticulocytosis
B12 deficiency
cytotoxic drugs

Question 5

Normocytic anemia

Answer 5

ABCD
Acute blood loss
Bone marrow failure
Chronic disease
Destruction